《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2026, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (9): 1108-1116.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2026.09.013

• 辅助技术 • 上一篇    

基于感知-认知解耦的可解释人工智能运动康复评估系统设计与验证

郭旭霞1, 虞恒睿1, 卢宇澄2, 杨思创3, 龙雨3, 李佳蔚1, 陈琳3(), 农飞玉4, 龙耀斌4   

  1. 1 广西大学体育学院, 广西南宁市 530004
    2 广西大学土木建筑工程学院, 广西南宁市 530004
    3 广西大学机械工程学院, 广西南宁市 530004
    4 广西医科大学第二附属医院, 广西南宁市 530007
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-17 修回日期:2026-07-06 接受日期:2026-07-06 出版日期:2026-09-25 发布日期:2026-09-20
  • 通讯作者: 陈琳, E-mail: gxdxcl@163.com
  • 作者简介:郭旭霞(1983-),女,汉族,山西长治市人,硕士,副教授,主要研究方向:运动康复。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFE0203500);国家自然科学基金项目(52568021);广西自然科学基金面上项目(2022GXNSFAA035511);广西创新驱动发展重大专项(AA17204017);广西中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目(2022KY0011);广西大学"大学生创新创业训练计划"国家级项目(202510593057)

An explainable artificial intelligence-driven motor rehabilitation assessment system based on perception-cognition decoupling: design and validation

Guo Xuxia1, Yu Hengrui1, Lu Yucheng2, Yang Sichuang3, Long Yu3, Li Jiawei1, Chen Lin3(), Nong Feiyu4, Long Yaobin4   

  1. 1 School of Physical Education, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
    2 School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
    3 School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
    4 The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
  • Received:2026-03-17 Revised:2026-07-06 Accepted:2026-07-06 Published:2026-09-25 Online:2026-09-20
  • Contact: Chen Lin, E-mail: gxdxcl@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Key R & D Program of China(2021YFE0203500);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52568021);Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (General)(2022GXNSFAA035511);Major Special Project of Guangxi Innovation-Driven Development(AA17204017);Guangxi Young and Middle-aged Teachers' Scientific Research Basic Ability Improvement Project(2022KY0011);National-level Project of Guangxi University College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202510593057)

摘要:

目的 针对现有智能步态评估模型存在临床可信度不足、决策过程黑箱化等缺陷,提出一种基于感知-认知解耦架构的X-Gait运动康复评估系统,实现步态识别高精度与临床可解释性协同。

方法 在感知层融合YOLOv11-Pose和PoseFormerV2完成2D-3D人体姿态重建,采用长短期记忆网络实现正常、异常、病理性步态的时序分类;引入层级相关性传播算法定位关键判别关节,自动量化躯干前倾角、支撑相占比、步幅对称性等生物力学特征。认知层融合康复医学提示工程和先验知识图谱,调用大语言模型,将量化生物力学指标转化为符合临床逻辑的结构化评估报告。纳入8例受试者开展床旁临床验证,评估系统分类性能和临床评估一致性。

结果 X-Gait系统步态整体分类准确率94.1%;2D姿态检测有效检测率100%,平均检测置信度0.819;3D姿态重建平均单帧逐关节位置误差105.97 mm。临床验证中,可解释人工智能联合大语言模型输出结果与资深康复医师人工评估高度一致。

结论 基于感知-认知解耦的X-Gait系统可实现步态高精度识别与临床可解释输出。

关键词: 步态分析, 可解释人工智能, 大语言模型, X-Gait系统, 3D人体姿态估计, 运动康复

Abstract:

Objective To propose an X-Gait motor rehabilitation assessment system based on a perception-cognition decoupling architecture to jointly achieve high-accuracy gait recognition and clinical interpretability for low clinical credibility and opaque decision-making workflows in existing intelligent gait assessment models.

Methods In the perception layer, YOLOv11-Pose and PoseFormerV2 were integrated for 2D-to-3D human pose reconstruction. A long short-term memory network was adopted for temporal classification of normal, abnormal and pathological gaits. The layer-wise relevance propagation algorithm was used to identify discriminative joints and automatically quantify biomechanical indices including trunk forward inclination angle, stance phase percentage and stride symmetry. In the cognition layer, rehabilitation-oriented prompt engineering and prior knowledge graphs were combined to drive large language models, converting quantitative biomechanical measurements into clinically reasonable structured reports. Eight subjects were enrolled for bedside clinical validation to evaluate classification performance and clinical consistency.

Results The overall gait classification accuracy of X-Gait reached 94.1%. The 2D pose detection achieved 100% valid detection rate with an average confidence of 0.819. The mean per-joint position error of 3D pose reconstruction was 105.97 mm. In clinical validation of eight cases, outputs generated by explainable artificial intelligence combined with large language models showed high consistency with manual assessments from experienced rehabilitation physicians.

Conclusion The proposed X-Gait system based on perception-cognition decoupling realizes high-precision gait identification and clinically interpretable outputs.

Key words: gait analysis, explainable artificial intelligence, large language model, X-Gait system, 3D human pose estimation, sports rehabilitation

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