《中国康复理论与实践》

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2026, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 411-425.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2026.04.005

• 循证研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

经颅直流电刺激在成人运动技能中应用的Scoping综述

刘日华1,2, 张星悦1,2, 亓丰学1,2()   

  1. 1 北京体育大学国家体育总局运动训练重点实验室， 北京市 100084
    2 北京体育大学竞技体育学院运动与脑科学实验室， 北京市 100084
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-18 修回日期:2026-01-27 出版日期:2026-04-25 发布日期:2026-05-06
  • 通讯作者: 亓丰学，E-mail： fengxue.qi@hotmail.com
  • 作者简介:刘日华(2002-)，男，汉族，湖南娄底市人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：脑刺激与运动表现提升。
    亓丰学(1985-)，男，汉族，山东济南市人，博士，副教授，博士研究生导师，主要研究方向：脑刺激与运动表现提升。
  • 基金资助:
    教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(22YJCZH136);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助课题(2024YDXL004);北京体育大学高层次人才科研启动项目(3101037)

Transcranial direct current stimulation for motor skill in adult: a scoping review

LIU Rihua1,2, ZHANG Xingyue1,2, QI Fengxue1,2()   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Sports Training of General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
    2 Sports, Exercise and Brain Sciences Laboratory, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Received:2025-11-18 Revised:2026-01-27 Published:2026-04-25 Online:2026-05-06
  • Contact: QI Fengxue, E-mail: fengxue.qi@hotmail.com
  • Supported by:
    Humanities and Social Sciences Research Funds of the Ministry of Education of China(22YJCZH136);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2024YDXL004);Research Foundation for Advanced Talents of Beijing Sport University(3101037)

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摘要：

目的 对经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)干预成人运动技能的参数、效果、机制、潜在风险及研究现状进行Scoping综述。

方法 检索建库至2025年10月Web of Science、PubMed、EBSCO和中国知网，收集tDCS干预成人运动技能的相关研究，数据提取后进行Scoping综述；采用物理治疗证据数据库(PEDro)量表评估文献质量。

结果 共纳入38篇研究，来自中国、德国、美国、英国、巴西、加拿大、意大利、西班牙、伊朗和爱尔兰10个国家，涉及1 087例研究对象。研究对象为成人，包括非运动员和运动员。干预结局包括开放性运动技能和闭锁性运动技能的表现，如篮球投篮准确率、高尔夫推杆测试成绩等。刺激强度1~2 mA，刺激时长10~25 min，电极尺寸35 cm2(高精度tDCS为3.14~9 cm²)的正极tDCS干预在运动员和非运动员群体的运动技能表现改善；开放性运动技能中初级运动皮质靶区上的tDCS效果更佳，闭锁性运动技能中背外侧前额叶皮质靶区上的效果更佳。

结论 tDCS对成人的开放性运动技能和闭锁性运动技能表现有一定促进作用。但现有研究在干预环境、刺激方案和试验设计等方面存在显著异质性，导致其效果尚存争议。

关键词: 经颅直流电刺激, 开放性运动技能, 闭锁性运动技能, Scoping综述

Abstract:

Objective To review the parameters, effects, mechanisms, potential risks and research status of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in intervening motor skills among adults.

Methods A systematic search of Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCO and CNKI databases was conducted for studies related to tDCS in intervening motor skills among adults, with publication from inception to October, 2025. Data extraction and scoping review were performed, with literature quality assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale.

Results A total of 38 studies were included, from China, Germany, the United States, the United Kingdom, Brazil, Canada, Italy, Spain, Iran and Ireland, involving 1 087 participants. The subjects were adults, including non-athletes and athletes. The outcomes included the performance of opened motor skills and closed motor skills, such as basketball shooting accuracy and golf putting test scores. Anodal tDCS intervention with a stimulation intensity of 1 mA to 2 mA; a stimulation duration of ten to 25 minutes; and an electrode patch of 35 cm2 (3.14 cm2 to 9 cm2 for high-precision tDCS) improved motor skill performance in both athletes and non-athletes. For opened motor skills, tDCS targeting the primary motor cortex was better; for closed motor skills, tDCS targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was more effective.

Conclusion tDCS may have a certain facilitating effect on the performance of opened and closed motor skills in adults. However, significant heterogeneity exists in the intervention environments, stimulation protocols and experimental designs of existing studies, resulting in ongoing controversy over its efficacy.

Key words: transcranial direct current stimulation, opened motor skills, closed motor skills, scoping review

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