世界卫生组织健康服务体系视域下残疾人康复健身体育服务理论架构与优化路径

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2026.05.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的构建残疾人康复健身体育服务理论架构，剖析服务发展面临的现实挑战，并提出针对性优化路径。
方法运用文献资料、政策分析和逻辑推演等方法，将世界卫生组织健康服务体系六大要素融入康复健身体育服务理论架构，从宏观体系架构、中观要素协同和微观实践落实3个层面，揭示各要素内在运行逻辑，并结合我国国情展开系统性分析。
结果残疾人康复健身体育服务理论架构由政策法规、经费保障、人力资源、服务内容、技术支持和信息监测六大要素构成，呈现出由宏观到微观逐级深化的运行路径，构成由顶层引导、机制承接和实践落地的连续结构。当前我国残疾人康复健身体育服务仍面临制度协同不足、财政结构单一、资源配置失衡、专业支撑薄弱、无障碍环境滞后和数字监管缺位等结构性约束，需采取相应对策进行系统优化。
结论残疾人康复健身体育服务应做好顶层设计，健全多元协同的政策制度体系；拓展资金渠道，构建可持续的多元投入机制；强化人力资源培养，提升可持续胜任力；厘清方案内容流程，增强服务融合匹配度；拓展无障碍技术研发，扩大辅助器具普及适配；构建智能监管体系，促进数字科技赋能。

关键词: 残疾人, 康复健身体育, 理论架构

Abstract:

Objective To construct a theoretical framework for rehabilitation fitness and sports services for people with disabilities, analyze the practical challenges facing their development, and propose targeted optimization pathways to improve service quality.
Methods Using literature review, policy analysis and logical reasoning, this study integrated the six building blocks of the World Health Organization health service system into a theoretical framework for rehabilitation fitness and sports services. From macro system architecture, meso-level element coordination and micro-level implementation, it elucidated the internal operational logic of each component, combined with a systematic analysis grounded in China's national context.
Results The theoretical framework of rehabilitation fitness and sports services for people with disabilities comprised six key elements: policy and regulation, financial support, human resources, service content, technological support and information monitoring. These elements formed a progressively deepening operational pathway from macro to micro levels, creating a continuous structure of top-level design, institutional coordination and practical implementation. The current services in China still faced structural constraints, including insufficient institutional coordination, a single-source funding structure, imbalanced resource allocation, weak professional support, lagging accessibility environments and inadequate digital governance, requiring systematic optimization through targeted interventions.
Conclusion Rehabilitation fitness and sports services for people with disabilities should strengthen top-level design and establish a diversified and coordinated policy system, expand funding channels to build a sustainable multi-source financing mechanism, enhance human resource development to improve long-term competency, clarify service processes to increase integration and alignment, advance the development of accessible technologies and expand the application of assistive devices, and build an intelligent regulatory system to leverage digital technologies.

Key words: people with disabilities, rehabilitation fitness and sports, theoretical framework

中图分类号:

姜静远, 王国祥. 世界卫生组织健康服务体系视域下残疾人康复健身体育服务理论架构与优化路径[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2026, 32(5): 497-507.

JIANG Jingyuan, WANG Guoxiang. Theoretical framework and optimization path of rehabilitation fitness and sports services for people with disabilities from the perspective of the World Health Organization health service system[J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2026, 32(5): 497-507.

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WHO健康服务体系六大要素	康复健身体育服务核心要素	核心要素的内涵范畴
领导力与治理能力	康复健身体育政策法规	制定部署康复健身体育政策、法律、指南和战略计划完善康复健身体育政策法规制定与部署的流程明确组织部门的统筹协调和职能赋权
筹资	康复健身体育经费保障	制定康复健身体育经费的融资和收缴计划制定经费支出的预算、福利和支付标准
健康人力资源	康复健身体育人力资源	制定高校康复健身体育专业人才培养计划建立健全课程体系、知识体系、考核体系加强资格认证，疏通就业上升通道
服务提供	康复健身体育服务内容	制定康复健身体育服务方案制定康复健身体育服务流程建设康复健身体育无障碍场所
医药技术	康复健身体育技术支持	加强康复健身体育辅具、设施和指导技术的研发保障明确康复健身体育相关技术的管理、使用与评价标准
健康信息系统	康复健身体育信息监测	开展残疾人口普查和功能障碍筛查构建康复健身体育服务评价指标体系开发应用康复健身体育信息平台和健康数据库

分类		政府机构		机构组织		个体、家庭成员等
分类		中央政府	地方政府	营利性机构组织	非营利性机构组织	个体、家庭成员等
机构类型		国家体育总局国家医疗保障局国家卫生健康委员会	地方政府部门地方行政机关其他地方特定职能机构	私立医院私立养老院私立学校康复相关公司	非营利性组织(如：中国残疾人联合会、中国红十字会) 非营利性协会/俱乐部非营利性学校非营利性慈善机构	家庭邻里团体
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