目的 开发设计出符合游泳运动项目本质属性,兼顾全盲残疾人心理特征及个体需求的表象训练方案并在实践中加以验证。方法 根据《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》(ICF),对盲人游泳运动员的定向功能和身体位置定向功能以及表象训练做理论分析。采用表象训练作为自变量,对优秀全盲残疾人奥运游泳运动员李××进行系统的表象训练干预,观察表象训练在提高运动成绩方面的具体作用。结果 与结论 表象训练是盲人游泳运动员建立方向和身体位置定向功能的有效方法,能够帮助盲人游泳运动员最大限度地保持直线游进状态,减少对触碰分道线的依赖,确保战术计划的实施和运动技能水平的稳定甚至超常发挥。
Objective To develop and design the imagery training program, according with the nature of swimming and taking into account with the mental characteristics and individual needs of the disabled. Methods According to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), the orientation function of the blind swimming athletes and the orientation function of the body position and the image training were analyzed theoretically. Imagery training was used as the independent variable, and the specific role of imagery training in improving athletic performance is observed in the imagery training intervention of the outstanding blind Olympic swimmer Li. Results and Conclusion Imagery training was an effective method for the blind swimmer to establish the orientation direction and body position function, and it can help the blind swimmer keep a straight line, reduce dependence on touch lane, and improve the performance.
[1] 邱宜均.实用运动心理学[M]. 武汉:湖北省体育运动委员会, 1988: 220-221.
[2] Brent S, Louis G. The role of imagery in physical performance [J]. Inter J Sport Psychol, 1998, 29: 57-72.
[3] Meyers A, Schleser RA. Cognitive behavioral intervention for improving basketball performance [J]. J Sport Psychol, 1980, 2: 69-73.
[4] Savoy C. Two individualized mental training programs for team sport [J]. Inter J Sport Psychol, 1997, 28: 259-270.
[5] Grushko AI, Haidamashko IV, Ibragimov RR, et al. Does the motivation, anxiety and imagery skills contributes to football (soccer) experience? [J]. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2016, 233: 181-185.
[6] Wright BJ, O'Halloran PD. Perceived success, auditory feedback, and mental imagery: what best predicts improved efficacy and motor performance? [J]. Res Q Exerc Sport, 2013, 84: 139-146.
[7] Marshall E, Gibson AM. The effect of an imagery training intervention on self-confidence and anxiety in acrobatic gymnastics [J]. J Sci Med Sport, 2017, 20: e92.
[8] Covassin T, Beidler E, Ostrowski J, et al. Psychosocial aspects of rehabilitation in sports [J]. Clin Sports Med, 2015, 34: 199-212.
[9] Nigmatullina Y, Arshad Q, Wu K, et al. How imagery changes self-motion perception [J]. Neuroscience, 2015, 291: 46-52.
[10] Louis M, Collet C, Champely S, et al. Difference in motor imagery time when predicting task duration in alpine skiers and equestrian riders [J]. Res Q Exerc Sport, 2012, 83: 86-93.
[11] Louis M, Guillot A, Maton S, et al. Effect of imagined movement speed on subsequent motor performance [J]. J Motor Behav, 2008, 40: 117-132.
[12] Post P, Muncie S, Simpson D. The effects of imagery training on swimming performance: an applied investigation [J]. J App Sport Psychol, 2012, 24: 323-337.
[13] 世界卫生组织. 国际功能、残疾和健康分类(儿童和青少年版)[M]. 邱卓英,译. 日内瓦:世界卫生组织, 2013.
[14] 宋薇. 用事件相关电位检验表象能力差异的实验研究[D]. 北京:首都体育学院, 2008: 640-642.
[15] Hanakawa T. Organizing motor imageries [J]. Neurosci Res, 2016, 104: 56-63.
[16] 蔡赓,刘焰. 浅谈体育运动中的表象及其作用[J]. 山东体育科技, 2000(4): 1-3.
[17] Wesch N, Callow N, Hall C, et al. PaigePope. Imagery and self-efficacy in the injury context [J]. Psychol Sport Exerc, 2016, 24: 72-81.
[18] Zach S, Dobersek U, Filho E, et al. A meta-analysis of mental imagery effects on post-injury functional mobility, perceived pain, and self-efficacy [J]. Psychol Sport Exerc, 2018 ,34: 79-87.
[19] 田玉梅. 想象训练法的运用效果[J]. 体育成人教育学刊, 1995(3): 62-63.
