目的 了解北京市培智学校学生群体体质健康状况和特点。 方法 2016年9月至12月，采用体质健康测试方法对北京市19所培智学校810名7~15岁学生进行测试。 结果 不同年龄学生的身高、体质量和肺活量总体存在显著性差异(F > 8.273, P < 0.001)，且随着年龄增长而增长，身高和肺活量整体低于健全学生；性别和年龄对身高、体质量和肺活量都有明显影响(P < 0.01)，残疾程度对身高和肺活量有明显负影响(P < 0.01)，对体质量无影响(P > 0.05)。不同年龄学生50 m跑、投沙包、30 s仰卧起坐、6/9 min跑/走和单脚平衡项目总体存在显著性差异(F > 3.571, P < 0.001)，且没有明显的趋势性规律，整体低于健全学生；性别、年龄和残疾程度对50 m跑、投沙包、30 s仰卧起坐、6/9 min跑/走、单脚平衡和坐位体前屈均有影响(P < 0.05)。 结论 不同年龄学生的身体形态、功能和身体素质存在显著差异且随年龄增长而增长，整体落后于健全学生；性别、年龄和残疾程度对其有显著影响。
Objective To explore the physical fitness of students from special education schools in Beijing. Methods From September to December, 2016, 810 students aged seven to 15 years from 19 special education schools in Beijing were tested with physical fitness test. Results There were significant differences in height, mass and vital capacity among students of different ages (F > 8.273, P < 0.001), which increased with age, but were lower than that of normal students. Gender and age had significant effects on height, mass and vital capacity (P < 0.01). Level of disability had significant effects on height and vital capacity (P < 0.01), while no effect on body mass (P > 0.05). There were significant differences in 50-meter running, sandbag throwing, 30 seconds sit-ups, 6/9 minutes running/walking, one-leg standing and sit & reach among students of different ages (F > 3.571, P < 0.001). Most of the items increased with age, but were lower than that of normal students. Gender, age and level of disability had significant effects on 50-meter running, sandbag throwing, 30 seconds sit-ups, 6/9 minutes running/walking, one-leg standing and sit & reach (P < 0.05). Conclusion There are significant differences in body morphology, function and physical fitness among students of different ages, and the differences increase with age, but they are worse than the normal students as a whole. Gender, age and level of disability have a significant effect on body morphology, function and physical fitness among students of different ages.
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