延髓梗死后吞咽障碍的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2018.07.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 延髓梗死后吞咽障碍常见,表现为误吸、咽部残留和食管上括约肌开放不良。根据梗死的部位能够初步判断吞咽障碍是否存在及其严重性,延髓头端、背侧、外侧梗死更易引起吞咽障碍。高分辨率测压能够了解咽部及食管上段结构的生物力学特点,联合吞咽造影检查能够对延髓梗死后吞咽障碍做出全面、准确的评价,从而指导康复治疗。姿势代偿、电刺激、经颅磁刺激、球囊扩张是有效的治疗方法。

关键词: 脑梗死, 延髓, 吞咽障碍, 康复, 评定, 综述

Abstract: Dysphagia is most common after medullary infarction, characterized by aspiration, residual pharynx and poor esophageal sphincter opening. The existence and severity of dysphagia can be preliminarily determined according to the site of infarction, and it is more likely to cause dysphagia on rostral, dorsal and lateral part of the medulla oblongata. High resolution manometry can be used to understand the biomechanical characteristics of the pharynx and upper segment of esophagus, and helps to evaluate dysphagia, especially combined with videofluoroscopic swallowing study, to guide the rehabilitation. Compensatory posture, electrical stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation and balloon dilatation are effective for the treatment.

Key words: cerebral infarction, medulla oblongata, dysphagia, rehabilitation, assessment, review

中图分类号:

R743.3

王楠, 张立新. 延髓梗死后吞咽障碍的研究进展[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2018, 24(7): 807-811.

WANG Nan, ZHANG Li-xin. Advances in Dysphagia after Medullary Infarction (review)[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2018, 24(7): 807-811.

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