《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2021, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (7): 745-750.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2021.07.001
收稿日期:
2020-07-06
修回日期:
2021-06-11
出版日期:
2021-07-25
发布日期:
2021-07-28
通讯作者:
张峻霞
E-mail:zjx@tust.edu.cn
作者简介:
张峻霞(1968-),女,汉族,山西原平市人,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向:人机工程与人机交互,智能康复机器人。
基金资助:
ZHANG Jun-xia1,2(),SHAO Yang-yang1,2,WANG Zhe-hao1,2,YANG Fang1,2
Received:
2020-07-06
Revised:
2021-06-11
Published:
2021-07-25
Online:
2021-07-28
Contact:
ZHANG Jun-xia
E-mail:zjx@tust.edu.cn
Supported by:
摘要:
目的 观察水平跨障肢体动作相关的步态特征,以优化跨障策略,降低跌倒风险。
方法 2019年9月,招募健康青年男性受试者15名,在实验路径中使用优势肢体和非优势肢体完成水平跨障任务,障碍宽0 cm、45 cm、55 cm和65 cm。使用红外摄像和生物力学测力台采集步态参数。
结果 随着障碍物宽度增加,受试者步速更快,足跟到障碍物的距离(HOD)、足趾到障碍物的距离(TOD)更小,步幅更大,步长和跟随肢体的足趾间隙(TCt)更长。非优势肢体作为跨越肢体时,跟随肢体跨障速度较慢,TCt、步宽、步长和HOD较长。
结论 在水平跨障过程中,跌倒风险随着障碍物宽度的增加而增大;为降低跌倒风险,建议以非优势肢体作为跨越肢体,并提高步幅、步长和TCt。
中图分类号:
张峻霞,邵洋洋,王喆豪,杨芳. 跨越水平障碍物时的步态特征[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2021, 27(7): 745-750.
ZHANG Jun-xia,SHAO Yang-yang,WANG Zhe-hao,YANG Fang. Gait Characteristics during Horizontal Obstacle Crossing[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2021, 27(7): 745-750.
表1
步态参数定义"
参数 | 英文名称(缩写) | 定义 |
---|---|---|
步幅 | stride length | 足跟着地到同侧足跟再次着地的前进(Y轴)距离 |
步态周期 | stride time | 足跟着地到同侧足跟再次着地所需时间 |
步速 | speed | 步幅除以步态周期 |
步宽 | step width | 跨障时,跟随肢体足跟与跨越肢体足跟垂直前进方向(X轴) 上的距离 |
步长 | step length | 跨障时,跟随肢体足跟与跨越肢体足跟在前进方向上的距离 |
跨越肢体跨障速度 | crossing speed of leading limb (CSl) | 跨越肢体足趾离地到足跟着地期间,髂前上棘前进距离除以时间 |
跟随肢体跨障速度 | crossing speed of trailing limb (CSt) | 跟随肢体足趾离地到足跟着地期间,髂前上棘前进距离除以时间 |
跨越肢体足趾间隙 | toe clearance of leading limb (TCl) | 跨越肢体摆动阶段足趾到障碍物的最大距离 |
跟随肢体足趾间隙 | toe clearance of trailing limb (TCt) | 跟随肢体摆动阶段足趾到障碍物的最大距离 |
足趾至障碍物的距离 | distance between toe and obstacle (TOD) | 跟随肢体的足趾到障碍物前进方向距离 |
足跟至障碍物的距离 | distance between heel and obstacle (HOD) | 跨越肢体的足跟到障碍物前进方向距离 |
表3
跨越不同宽度水平障碍物时步态参数比较"
步态参数 | 0 cm | 45 cm | 55 cm | 65 cm | F值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
步速(m/s) | 1.03±0.07A | 1.08±0.15B | 1.12±0.12C | 1.19±0.11D | 207.5 | < 0.001 |
CSl (m/s) | 1.02±0.10A | 1.03±0.16B | 1.08±0.13C | 1.16±0.12D | 121.71 | < 0.001 |
CSt (m/s) | 1.02±0.09A | 1.17±0.16B | 1.24±0.13C | 1.31±0.13D | 469.21 | < 0.001 |
步态周期(s) | 120.58±7.72A | 139.07±20.83B | 140.58±13.85B | 138.65±14.81B | 222.75 | < 0.001 |
步宽(mm) | 68.94±29.16A | 66.42±33.15A,B | 67.18±33.15B | 64.75±37.40B | 4.54 | 0.004 |
步幅(mm) | 1242.17±46.06A | 1470.87±61.52B | 1564.05±50.32C | 1640.85±60.07D | 2959.68 | < 0.001 |
步长(mm) | 619.02±63.38A | 777.25±55.41B | 858.37±30.24C | 926.69±53.71D | 1655.46 | < 0.001 |
TCl (mm) | 156.88±16.36A | 178.87±116.02B | 181.76±12.33B | 179.97±14.76B | 198.76 | < 0.001 |
TCt (mm) | 156.49±18.98A | 190.09±18.98B | 206.13±16.29C | 217.02±18.66D | 630.83 | < 0.001 |
TOD (mm) | 200.57±43.64A | 38.38±98.37B | 35.71±18.93B | 27.02±15.06B | 537.26 | < 0.001 |
HOD (mm) | 153.96±59.88A | 8.69±40.74B | -2.03±30.24B | -28.74±49.62C | 266.37 | < 0.001 |
表4
跨障肢体为非优势或优势肢体的步态参数比较"
步态参数 | 非优势肢体 | 优势肢体 | F值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|
步速(m/s) | 1.11±0.13 | 1.09±0.13 | 3.72 | 0.054 |
CSl (m/s) | 1.09±0.13 | 1.05±0.15 | 40.98 | < 0.001 |
CSt (m/s) | 1.17±0.18 | 1.18±0.16 | 11.33 | 0.006 |
步态周期(s) | 133.61±16.59 | 134.41±17.56 | 1.43 | 0.232 |
步宽(mm) | 71.11±36.42 | 62.71±30.97 | 29.27 | < 0.001 |
步幅(mm) | 1474.28±163.49 | 1460.04±164.11 | 3.16 | 0.076 |
步长(mm) | 799.05±121.5 | 773.15±135.75 | 36.53 | < 0.001 |
TCl (mm) | 171.87±19.25 | 175.11±17.34 | 21.65 | < 0.001 |
TCt (mm) | 193.39±29.14 | 187.72±30.31 | 15.47 | < 0.001 |
TOD (mm) | 74.64±104.60 | 83.78±80.75 | 0.01 | 0.983 |
HOD (mm) | 57.23±111.19 | 36.09±92.23 | 25.96 | < 0.001 |
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