跨越水平障碍物时的步态特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2021.07.001

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2021, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (7): 745-750.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2021.07.001

• 专题运动与平衡功能研究 • 上一篇下一篇

跨越水平障碍物时的步态特征

张峻霞^1,²(),邵洋洋^1,²,王喆豪^1,²,杨芳^1,²

1.天津科技大学机械工程学院,天津市 300222
2.天津市轻工与食品工程机械装备集成设计与在线监控重点实验室,天津市 300222

收稿日期:2020-07-06 修回日期:2021-06-11 出版日期:2021-07-25 发布日期:2021-07-28
通讯作者: 张峻霞 E-mail:zjx@tust.edu.cn
作者简介:张峻霞(1968-),女,汉族,山西原平市人,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向：人机工程与人机交互,智能康复机器人。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(50975204)

Gait Characteristics during Horizontal Obstacle Crossing

ZHANG Jun-xia^1,²(),SHAO Yang-yang^1,²,WANG Zhe-hao^1,²,YANG Fang^1,²

1. College of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300222, China
2. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Integrated Design and Online Monitoring for Light Industry & Food Machinery and Equipment, Tianjin 300222, China

Received:2020-07-06 Revised:2021-06-11 Published:2021-07-25 Online:2021-07-28
Contact: ZHANG Jun-xia E-mail:zjx@tust.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(50975204)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的观察水平跨障肢体动作相关的步态特征,以优化跨障策略,降低跌倒风险。

方法 2019年9月,招募健康青年男性受试者15名,在实验路径中使用优势肢体和非优势肢体完成水平跨障任务,障碍宽0 cm、45 cm、55 cm和65 cm。使用红外摄像和生物力学测力台采集步态参数。

结果随着障碍物宽度增加,受试者步速更快,足跟到障碍物的距离(HOD)、足趾到障碍物的距离(TOD)更小,步幅更大,步长和跟随肢体的足趾间隙(TCt)更长。非优势肢体作为跨越肢体时,跟随肢体跨障速度较慢,TCt、步宽、步长和HOD较长。

结论在水平跨障过程中,跌倒风险随着障碍物宽度的增加而增大;为降低跌倒风险,建议以非优势肢体作为跨越肢体,并提高步幅、步长和TCt。

关键词: 跨越障碍, 跨越肢体, 优势肢体, 跌倒, 步态

Abstract:

Objective To observe the gait characteristics related to the horizontal obstacle crossing, to optimize obstacle crossing strategy to reduce the risk of falling.

Methods A total of 15 healthy young men were recruited in September, 2019, to complete horizontal obstacle crossing tasks (0 cm, 45 cm, 55 cm and 65 cm wide), with dominant and non-dominant limbs first on a specific experimental path. Gait parameters were collected with infrared camera and biomechanics force plate.

Results As the width of the obstacle increasing, the speed, stride length, step length and toe clearance of trailing limb (TCt) increased; while the heel-to-obstacle distance (HOD) and toe-to-obstacle distance (TOD) decreased. As the non-dominant limb crossing first, the speed of following step was slower, and the TCt, step width, step length and HOD increased.

Conclusion The risk of falling increases with the width of the obstacle during horizontal obstacle crossing. It is recommended to use non-dominant limbs leading crossing, and increase stride length, step length and TCt to reduce the risk of falling.

Key words: obstacle crossing, leading limb, dominant limb, fall, gait

中图分类号:

G804.2

张峻霞,邵洋洋,王喆豪,杨芳. 跨越水平障碍物时的步态特征[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2021, 27(7): 745-750.

ZHANG Jun-xia,SHAO Yang-yang,WANG Zhe-hao,YANG Fang. Gait Characteristics during Horizontal Obstacle Crossing[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2021, 27(7): 745-750.

图/表 4

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表2

表3

表4

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参数	英文名称(缩写)	定义
步幅	stride length	足跟着地到同侧足跟再次着地的前进(Y轴)距离
步态周期	stride time	足跟着地到同侧足跟再次着地所需时间
步速	speed	步幅除以步态周期
步宽	step width	跨障时,跟随肢体足跟与跨越肢体足跟垂直前进方向(X轴) 上的距离
步长	step length	跨障时,跟随肢体足跟与跨越肢体足跟在前进方向上的距离
跨越肢体跨障速度	crossing speed of leading limb (CSl)	跨越肢体足趾离地到足跟着地期间,髂前上棘前进距离除以时间
跟随肢体跨障速度	crossing speed of trailing limb (CSt)	跟随肢体足趾离地到足跟着地期间,髂前上棘前进距离除以时间
跨越肢体足趾间隙	toe clearance of leading limb (TCl)	跨越肢体摆动阶段足趾到障碍物的最大距离
跟随肢体足趾间隙	toe clearance of trailing limb (TCt)	跟随肢体摆动阶段足趾到障碍物的最大距离
足趾至障碍物的距离	distance between toe and obstacle (TOD)	跟随肢体的足趾到障碍物前进方向距离
足跟至障碍物的距离	distance between heel and obstacle (HOD)	跨越肢体的足跟到障碍物前进方向距离

步态参数	0 cm	45 cm	55 cm	65 cm	F值	P值
步速(m/s)	1.03±0.07^A	1.08±0.15^B	1.12±0.12^C	1.19±0.11^D	207.5	< 0.001
CSl (m/s)	1.02±0.10^A	1.03±0.16^B	1.08±0.13^C	1.16±0.12^D	121.71	< 0.001
CSt (m/s)	1.02±0.09^A	1.17±0.16^B	1.24±0.13^C	1.31±0.13^D	469.21	< 0.001
步态周期(s)	120.58±7.72^A	139.07±20.83^B	140.58±13.85^B	138.65±14.81^B	222.75	< 0.001
步宽(mm)	68.94±29.16^A	66.42±33.15^A,B	67.18±33.15^B	64.75±37.40^B	4.54	0.004
步幅(mm)	1242.17±46.06^A	1470.87±61.52^B	1564.05±50.32^C	1640.85±60.07^D	2959.68	< 0.001
步长(mm)	619.02±63.38^A	777.25±55.41^B	858.37±30.24^C	926.69±53.71^D	1655.46	< 0.001
TCl (mm)	156.88±16.36^A	178.87±116.02^B	181.76±12.33^B	179.97±14.76^B	198.76	< 0.001
TCt (mm)	156.49±18.98^A	190.09±18.98^B	206.13±16.29^C	217.02±18.66^D	630.83	< 0.001
TOD (mm)	200.57±43.64^A	38.38±98.37^B	35.71±18.93^B	27.02±15.06^B	537.26	< 0.001
HOD (mm)	153.96±59.88^A	8.69±40.74^B	-2.03±30.24^B	-28.74±49.62^C	266.37	< 0.001

步态参数	非优势肢体	优势肢体	F值	P值
步速(m/s)	1.11±0.13	1.09±0.13	3.72	0.054
CSl (m/s)	1.09±0.13	1.05±0.15	40.98	< 0.001
CSt (m/s)	1.17±0.18	1.18±0.16	11.33	0.006
步态周期(s)	133.61±16.59	134.41±17.56	1.43	0.232
步宽(mm)	71.11±36.42	62.71±30.97	29.27	< 0.001
步幅(mm)	1474.28±163.49	1460.04±164.11	3.16	0.076
步长(mm)	799.05±121.5	773.15±135.75	36.53	< 0.001
TCl (mm)	171.87±19.25	175.11±17.34	21.65	< 0.001
TCt (mm)	193.39±29.14	187.72±30.31	15.47	< 0.001
TOD (mm)	74.64±104.60	83.78±80.75	0.01	0.983
HOD (mm)	57.23±111.19	36.09±92.23	25.96	< 0.001

跨越水平障碍物时的步态特征

Gait Characteristics during Horizontal Obstacle Crossing

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