3~8岁中重度孤独症谱系障碍儿童回声式言语特征分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2024.11.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨以汉语为母语的3~8岁中重度孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童在不同情境下的回声式言语特点。

方法 2024年1月至3月，采集5例3~8岁中重度ASD儿童在机构与家庭两种情境下各15 min的康复课程视频，采用语言样本分析和自编编码的方法对其回声式言语语料的内容、结构等进行分析，同时收集他们的口语语言能力。分析回声式言语与口语语言能力之间的相关性。

结果共记录235个回声式言语相关话轮。其中，即时性与延迟性回声式言语的数量之比为7∶1；平均每2~3句言语回应中有1次为回声式言语行为，平均语句长度为2.97，平均词长为2.23。动词与名词出现频率高，分别为45.03%和38.48%，陈述性词句多，平均占比72.58%。回声式言语结构变化类型为重复原话语末尾部分的频次最高，平均占比29.98%。ASD儿童回声式言语的类型、频率、句长、句式、结构等特征在机构与家庭情境下无明显差异；ASD儿童模仿句长、词语理解与命名的语言能力分数与其回声式言语的数量、频率、句长、句式类型频次明显相关(r > 0.881, P < 0.05)。

结论 3~8岁中重度ASD儿童回声式言语活动呈现出跨情境的稳定性，与自身的理解性语言与表达性语言能力相关。即时性回声式言语多，句长短，实词优势大，陈述性语句多，经常重复原话语句子的结尾部分。

关键词: 孤独症谱系障碍, 儿童, 回声式言语, 语言样本分析

Abstract:

Objective To explore the characteristics of echolalic speech of children with moderate to severe autism spectrum disorder (ASD) aged three to eight.

Methods From January to March, 2024, 15 minutes rehabilitation course video of five children with moderate to severe ASD aged three to eight were collected in institutional and family settings, respectively. Language sample analysis and self-compiled coding were used to analyze the echo speech sample content, structure, and collect their oral language ability. The correlation between the echo speech and case oral language ability was analyzed.

Results A total of 235 echoic speech-related speech rounds were recorded. Among them, the ratio of immediacy to delayed echo speech was 7∶1; one echo speech was found in every two to three speech responses, with average sentence length of 2.97 and average word length of 2.23. The frequency of verbs and nouns was high, accounting for 45.03% and 38.48%, respectively; and there were many declarative words and sentences, accounting for 72.58% on average. The type of echo speech structure was the most frequently at the end of the reconstructed discourse, accounting for 29.98% on average. The type, frequency, sentence length, sentence pattern and structure of echoic speech were not significantly different in institutional and family settings. The language ability scores of imitation sentence length, word understanding and naming were significantly correlated with the number, frequency, sentence length and sentence type frequency of echoic speech (r > 0.881, P < 0.01).

Conclusion Echoic speech activity in children with moderate to severe ASD aged three to eight shows transsituational stability, and is related with their understanding language and expressive language ability; characterized as instant echo speech, short sentence, the advantage of real words, declarative sentences, often repeat the end of the original sentence.

Key words: autism spectrum disorder, children, echolalia speech, language sample analysis

中图分类号:

R749.93

吴轶茗, 程琪, 赵燕春, 卢海丹. 3~8岁中重度孤独症谱系障碍儿童回声式言语特征分析[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2024, 30(11): 1351-1358.

WU Yiming, CHENG Qi, ZHAO Yanchun, LU Haidan. Echolalic speech characteristics of children with moderate to severe autism spectrum disorder aged three to eight[J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2024, 30(11): 1351-1358.

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指标		S1	S2	S3	S4	S5
性别		男	男	女	男	男
月龄/月		71	73	63	51	96
普通话儿童语言能力临床分级评估	前语言/%	56.25	62.50	62.50	56.25	81.25
	语音感知/%	48.00	60.00	0.00	68.00	40.00
	语音产生/%	91.80	81.97	62.30	42.62	83.61
	模仿句长/%	47.37 (9个字)	52.63 (10个字)	15.79 (3个字)	21.05 (4个字)	26.32 (5个字)
	词语理解/%	74.29	34.29	17.14	45.71	42.86
	词语命名/%	26.15	27.69	0.00	12.31	18.46
PPVT-R/%		8.57	18.29	4.57	7.43	5.71

词性	各种词类数	n	百分比/%
实词(n = 473)	名词	182	38.48
	动词	213	45.03
	形容词	24	5.07
	数词	17	3.59
	量词	5	1.06
	代词	24	5.07
	副词	8	1.69
虚词(n = 56)	介词	12	21.43
	连词	5	8.93
	助词	26	46.43
	叹词	13	23.21
平均语句长度	平均字长		2.97
平均语句长度	平均词长		2.23

ASD儿童	疑问句/词	陈述句/词	非词非句
S1	4.30	75.70	20.00
S2	8.70	73.90	17.40
S3	0.00	47.80	52.20
S4	2.30	67.40	30.20
S5	0.00	98.10	1.90

ASD儿童	增加	减少	替换	增加并替换	减少并替换	不变
S1	4.30	57.10	1.40	0.00	5.70	31.40
S2	0.00	78.30	2.20	0.00	10.90	8.70
S3	47.80	34.80	0.00	0.00	0.00	17.40
S4	2.30	60.50	2.30	2.30	11.60	20.90
S5	1.90	26.40	0.00	0.00	0.00	71.70