孤独症谱系障碍儿童体育锻炼与心理健康的关系：社交反应的中介作用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2025.02.004

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2025, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 150-157.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2025.02.004

孤独症谱系障碍儿童体育锻炼与心理健康的关系：社交反应的中介作用

段冠婷¹, 肖雪², 侯会生¹(), 姜芸桥¹, 刘雨歌¹, 时文霞²

1.中央民族大学体育学院，北京市 100081
2.北京师范大学体育与运动学院，北京市 100091

收稿日期:2024-11-01 修回日期:2025-01-20 出版日期:2025-02-25 发布日期:2025-02-25
通讯作者: 侯会生(1976-)，男，山西人，博士，教授，主要研究方向：足球职业化、足球教学和训练、体育人力资源开发、体质健康，E-mail： 348542743@qq.com。
作者简介:段冠婷(1994-)，女，汉族，山西临汾市人，博士，博士后，讲师，主要研究方向：运动心理学，特殊儿童运动康复。
基金资助:
教育部全国教育科学规划青年课题(EBA230473)

Relationship between physical activity and mental health in children with autism spectrum disorder: the mediating role of social response

DUAN Guanting¹, XIAO Xue², HOU Huisheng¹(), JIANG Yunqiao¹, LIU Yuge¹, SHI Wenxia²

1. School of Physical Education, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
2. School of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100091, China

Received:2024-11-01 Revised:2025-01-20 Published:2025-02-25 Online:2025-02-25
Contact: HOU Huisheng, E-mail: 348542743@qq.com
Supported by:
Youth Project of the National Education Science Plan of the Ministry of Education(EBA230473)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的评估孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童体育锻炼、心理健康和社交反应水平，探讨ASD儿童社交反应在体育锻炼与心理健康的中介效应。

方法 2019年9月至2024年4月，选取北京市海淀区、石景山区3所培智学校的211例ASD儿童为研究对象，采用一般资料调查表、体育锻炼等级量表、心理教育评定量表和社交反应量表进行调查。分析ASD儿童体育锻炼、心理健康和社交反应之间的相关性，探究社交反应在体育锻炼、心理健康间的中介效应。

结果 211例ASD儿童体育锻炼平均水平为(58.72±3.34)分，心理健康平均水平为(14.85±1.67)分，社交反应平均水平为(24.98±3.79)分。ASD儿童体育锻炼与心理健康呈正相关(r = 0.546, P < 0.05)，与社交反应呈负相关(r = -0.298, P < 0.05)；ASD儿童心理健康与社交反应呈负相关(r = -0.397, P < 0.05)。家庭平均月收入、父母关系、是否采取重复经颅磁刺激治疗、体育锻炼、社交反应均是ASD儿童心理健康的影响因素(P < 0.05)。ASD儿童社交反应在体育锻炼与心理健康间有中介作用，效应占比14.56%。

结论 ASD儿童心理健康水平较差且影响因素较多，体育锻炼可直接影响ASD儿童心理健康，也可通过社交反应起到中介作用。

关键词: 孤独症谱系障碍, 儿童, 体育锻炼, 心理健康, 社交反应

Abstract:

Objective To evaluate the levels of physical exercise, mental health and social response in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and explore the mediating effect of social response on physical exercise and mental health.

Methods From September, 2019 to April, 2024, 211 children with ASD from three special education schools in Haidian District and Shijingshan District of Beijing were selected. They were assessed with general data questionnaire, Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), Chinese version of Psycho-Educational Profile (C-PEP) and Social Response Scale-Short Form (SRS-SF). The correlation among physical exercise, mental health and social response was analyzed. The mediating effect of social response on physical exercise and mental health was explored.

Results The average physical exercise level was (58.72±3.34), the average mental health level was (14.85±1.67), and the average social response level was (24.98±3.79). Physical exercise was positively correlated with mental health (r= 0.546, P< 0.05) and negatively correlated with social response (r= -0.298, P< 0.05). Mental health was negatively correlated with social response (r= -0.397, P < 0.05). Average monthly family income, parental relationship, repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy, physical exercise, social response were the influencing factors of mental health (P< 0.05). Social response was intermediary between physical exercise and mental health, accounting for 14.56%.

Conclusion The mental health level of children with ASD is poor, and there are many influencing factors. Physical exercise can directly affect the mental health of children with ASD, and can also play an indirect role through social response.

Key words: autism spectrum disorder, children, physical exercise, mental health, social response

中图分类号:

R749.93

段冠婷, 肖雪, 侯会生, 姜芸桥, 刘雨歌, 时文霞. 孤独症谱系障碍儿童体育锻炼与心理健康的关系：社交反应的中介作用[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2025, 31(2): 150-157.

DUAN Guanting, XIAO Xue, HOU Huisheng, JIANG Yunqiao, LIU Yuge, SHI Wenxia. Relationship between physical activity and mental health in children with autism spectrum disorder: the mediating role of social response[J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2025, 31(2): 150-157.

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项目	得分	条目得分
体育锻炼总分	58.72±3.34	-
强度	3.67±1.24	-
时间	4.01±1.77	-
频率	3.96±1.52	-
心理健康总分	14.85±1.67	0.94±0.66
模仿	2.43±0.48	0.72±0.47
知觉	2.59±0.69	0.69±0.54
精细动作	4.87±1.36	0.78±0.62
粗大动作	3.24±0.52	0.65±0.39
认知表现	2.18±0.87	0.59±0.46
口语认知	1.72±0.65	0.86±0.32
社交反应总分	24.98±3.79	1.39±0.21
社交认知	7.67±1.84	1.29±0.30
社交沟通	8.24±1.37	1.37±0.29
行为方式	8.56±1.41	1.42±0.25

特征		n	心理健康	t/F值	P值
性别	男	112	14.47±1.98	0.152	0.880
性别	女	99	14.51±1.83	0.152	0.880
年龄	< 14岁	127	14.84±1.31	1.357	0.176
年龄	≥ 14岁	84	14.57±1.56	1.357	0.176
家庭居住地	城镇	116	14.68±1.49	0.246	0.806
家庭居住地	农村	95	14.73±1.44	0.246	0.806
家庭平均月收入	< 4000元	23	12.35±1.16	78.208	< 0.001
	4000~8000元	131	13.21±1.27
	> 8000元	57	15.67±1.64
主要照护人	直系亲属	168	15.98±1.39	68.593	< 0.001
	照顾机构	27	13.24±1.34
	其他	16	13.16±1.39
父母关系	和睦	109	15.69±1.87	60.551	< 0.001
	紧张	34	13.46±1.21
	离异	68	13.23±1.16
母亲性格	内向	112	14.74±1.65	1.014	0.312
母亲性格	外向	99	14.49±1.93	1.014	0.312
父亲性格	内向	101	14.92±1.54	0.223	0.824
父亲性格	外向	110	14.87±1.71	0.223	0.824
是否为独生子女	是	68	14.72±1.73	0.478	0.633
是否为独生子女	否	143	14.84±1.69	0.478	0.633
是否采用重复经颅磁刺激治疗	是	159	16.35±1.76	13.333	< 0.001
是否采用重复经颅磁刺激治疗	否	52	12.76±1.43	13.333	< 0.001
父母焦虑状态	一方存在	101	13.63±1.21	51.164	< 0.001
	双方存在	36	12.93±1.37
	双方均无	74	15.43±1.65

因素	赋值方法
家庭平均月收入	≥ 8000元= 0，< 4000元、4000~8000元= 1
主要照护人	直系亲属= 0，照顾机构、其他= 1
父母关系	和睦= 0，紧张、离异= 1
是否采取重复经颅磁刺激治疗	是= 0，否= 1
父母焦虑状态	双方均无= 0，一方存在、双方存在= 1
体育锻炼	原值带入
社交反应	原值带入

因素	未标准化系数		β值	t值	P值	95% CI		共线性统计
因素	B值	标准误	β值	t值	P值	下限	上限	容差	VIF
常量	16.729	1.078	-	15.517	< 0.001	14.603	18.854	-	-
家庭平均月收入	-1.047	0.382	-0.184	-2.745	0.007	-1.800	-0.295	0.595	1.680
主要照护人	-0.189	0.394	-0.033	-0.481	0.631	-0.965	0.587	0.402	2.486
父母关系	-2.799	0.340	-0.571	-8.244	< 0.001	-3.469	-2.130	0.651	1.537
是否采取重复经颅磁刺激治疗	-2.686	0.503	-0.457	-5.336	< 0.001	-3.678	-1.693	0.363	2.754
父母焦虑状态	2.214	1.314	0.354	1.241	0.578	1.364	1.257	0.431	2.224
体育锻炼	0.031	0.013	0.221	2.336	0.020	0.005	0.058	0.297	3.364
社交反应	-0.087	0.032	-0.164	-2.738	0.007	-0.150	-0.024	0.743	1.345

回归方程		拟合指标			系数显著性
结果变量	预测变量	R	R²	F	β	t	P
社交反应	体育锻炼	0.298	0.089	20.389	-0.079	-4.516	< 0.001
心理健康	体育锻炼	0.546	0.298	88.619	0.077	9.414	< 0.001
心理健康	体育锻炼	0.598	0.358	57.955	0.066	8.059	< 0.001
	社交反应				-0.136	-4.412	< 0.001

孤独症谱系障碍儿童体育锻炼与心理健康的关系：社交反应的中介作用

Relationship between physical activity and mental health in children with autism spectrum disorder: the mediating role of social response

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项目	体育锻炼	心理健康	社交反应
体育锻炼	1
心理健康	0.546^a	1
社交反应	-0.298^a	-0.397^a	1

效应	效应途径	效应值	SE	95%CI	效应占比
总效应		0.261	0.012	0.237~0.286
直接效应	体育锻炼→心理健康	0.223	0.018	0.187~0.259	85.44%
间接效应	体育锻炼→社交反应→心理健康	0.038	0.013	0.012~0.062	14.56%

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