《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2025, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 398-405.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2025.04.004

• 专题 ICF应用研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于ICF的智力残疾儿童言语功能障碍和沟通活动受限特征与康复干预

易玲1(), 周静1, 陈雪芬2, 陈川帆3, 陈科伊1, 董慧繁1   

  1. 1.宁波卫生职业技术学院,浙江宁波市 315100
    2.宁波市鄞州区小小虎特殊儿童康复训练中心,浙江宁波市 315100
    3.宁波市康复医院,浙江宁波市 315040
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-25 修回日期:2025-03-27 出版日期:2025-04-25 发布日期:2025-04-25
  • 通讯作者: 易玲,E-mail: 375427683@qq.com
  • 作者简介:易玲(1988-),女,汉族,四川广安市人,硕士,讲师,主要研究方向:言语语言功能康复、ICF。
  • 基金资助:
    1.健康宁波研究基地项目(JD6-329);2.宁波市教育科学规划重点课题(2024YZD038);3.浙江省教育科学规划课题(2024SCG131)

Characteristics and intervention of speech function impairments and communication limitation in children with intellectual disabilities based on ICF

YI Ling1(), ZHOU Jing1, CHEN Xuefen2, CHEN Chuanfan3, CHEN Keyi1, DONG Huifan1   

  1. 1. Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China
    2. Ningbo Yinzhou District Little Tiger Special Children Rehabilitation Training Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China
    3. Ningbo Rehabilitation Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, China
  • Received:2025-03-25 Revised:2025-03-27 Published:2025-04-25 Online:2025-04-25
  • Contact: YI Ling, E-mail: 375427683@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    Healthy Ningbo Research Center Project(JD6-329);Ningbo Education Science Plan (Key)(2024YZD038);Zhejiang Education Science Plan(2024SCG131)

摘要:

目的 系统分析智力残疾儿童言语和沟通障碍的特点,设计整体性的康复方案。
方法 运用《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》(ICF)的理论和方法,从身体功能和结构、活动和参与、环境因素等多个维度对智力残疾儿童的言语和沟通功能障碍特征进行深入分析。在言语康复和特殊教育情境下实施综合干预方法。
结果 在身体功能和结构方面,言语功能障碍常常表现为语言的心理功能、发音功能、言语的流畅性和节律功能等障碍。在活动和参与层面,表现为沟通障碍,包括说话、倾听、对话以及人际互动等方面可能存在障碍或困难。环境因素,如家庭支持、同伴态度、专业服务以及辅助沟通技术的可及性,对智力残疾儿童的言语功能和沟通功能的发展有重要的影响。本研究基于ICF架构提出了儿童的言语功能和沟通活动功能的系统性评估方法,强调从整体视角理解智力残疾儿童的言语功能障碍和沟通活动障碍,注重沟通活动功能对智力残疾儿童的学习和日常生活的影响。在言语康复治疗和教育康复情境下,针对智力残疾儿童的言语障碍和沟通活动障碍的特点,设计个别化的干预方法,注重培养儿童的功能性沟通技能,并将其融入到日常生活和教育活动中。辅助和替代沟通技术、自然情境下的语言干预、视觉支持以及同伴介导等干预均是有效的康复措施。
结论 本研究运用ICF架构和方法,对智力残疾儿童的言语功能和沟通活动功能进行了系统分析,从身体功能和结构、活动和参与以及环境因素3个层面,系统探讨了智力残疾儿童的言语功能和沟通活动功能的特征,并且提出了在言语康复治疗和教育康复情景下,推动智力残疾儿童言语功能和沟通活动功能发展的系统性方法,包括设计个别化干预方法、辅助技术应用、视觉辅助支持以及同伴介导等措施。

关键词: 智力残疾, 儿童, 言语功能障碍, 沟通活动受限, 国际功能、残疾和健康分类

Abstract:

Objective To systematically analyze the characteristics of impairment of speech function and activity limitation of communication in children with intellectual disabilities, and to develop comprehensive rehabilitation interventions.
Methods An in-depth analysis of impairments of speech functions and activity limitation of communication in children with intellectual disabilities across multiple dimensions was conducted using International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework, from the aspects of body structures and functions, activities and participation, and environmental factors. Integrated intervention methods were implemented within speech rehabilitation and special education settings.
Results Speech function impairments often manifested as deficits in the mental functions of language, articulation functions, and the fluency and rhythm of speech. Communication limitations were evident, including potential deficits or difficulties in speaking, listening, engaging in conversations and interpersonal interactions. Environmental factors such as family support, peer attitudes, professional services and the accessibility of assistive communication technologies significantly impacted the development of speech function and communication activity in these children. This study proposed a systematic assessment methodology for children's speech function and communication activity based on the ICF framework, emphasizing a holistic understanding of impairments of speech functions and activity limitation of communication in children with intellectual disabilities, and highlighting the impact of communication activity on children's learning and daily life. In speech rehabilitation therapy and educational rehabilitation settings, individualized intervention strategies should be designed according to the specific characteristics of impairments of speech functions and activity limitation of communication in children with intellectual disabilities, focusing on fostering functional communication skills and integrating them into daily life and educational activities. Augmentative and alternative communication technologies, natural context language interventions, visual supports, and peer-mediated interventions might be effective.
Conclusion This study has utilized the ICF framework to systematically analyze impairments of speech functions and activity limitation of communication in children with intellectual disabilities, interms of body functions and structures, activities and participation, and environmental factors. A systematic approach to promoting the development of speech function and communication activity in children with intellectual disabilities has been proposed within speech rehabilitation therapy and educational rehabilitation settings, including individualized intervention strategies, the application of assistive technologies, the use of visual support, and the implementation of peer-mediated interventions.

Key words: intellectual disability, children, impairments of speech function, activity limitation of communication, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health

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