《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2025, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 650-657.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2025.06.005

• 身体活动与运动康复 • 上一篇    下一篇

融合教育背景下特殊需要儿童参与身体活动的支持保障系统研究

武砀1,2, 张青1,2(), 吴佳洺3, 贾文蓉1,2, 武爱红1,2, 武剑4   

  1. 1.邯郸学院特殊教育学院,河北邯郸市 056005
    2.河北省特殊教育协同创新中心,河北邯郸市 056005
    3.韩国秋溪艺术大学,韩国首尔市 03746
    4.邯郸学院体育学院,河北邯郸市 056005
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-28 修回日期:2025-05-19 出版日期:2025-06-25 发布日期:2025-06-16
  • 通讯作者: 张青(1975-),女,汉族,河北邯郸市人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向:特殊儿童早期干预、听觉言语语言康复、教育与康复。E-mail: zhangqing555@126.com E-mail:zhangqing555@126.com
  • 作者简介:武砀(1989-),男,汉族,安徽宿州市人,博士,讲师,主要研究方向:特殊儿童发展与教育、教育与康复。
  • 基金资助:
    1.河北省体育局体育社科研究项目(TY973207);2.邯郸市哲学社会科学规划课题(Q2024453)

Support system for children with special needs participating in physical activity in an inclusive education context

WU Dang1,2, ZHANG Qing1,2(), WU Jiaming3, JIA Wenrong1,2, WU Aihong1,2, WU Jian4   

  1. 1. School of Special Education, Handan University, Handan, Hebei 056005, China
    2. Hebei Special Education Collaborative Innovation Center, Handan, Hebei 056005, China
    3. Chugye University for the Arts, Seoul 03746, Korea
    4. School of Physical Education, Handan University, Handan, Hebei 056005, China
  • Received:2025-04-28 Revised:2025-05-19 Published:2025-06-25 Online:2025-06-16
  • Contact: E-mail: zhangqing555@126.com E-mail:zhangqing555@126.com
  • Supported by:
    Sports Social Science Research Project of Hebei Provincial Sports Bureau(TY973207);Handan Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Project(Q2024453)

摘要:

目的 构建融合教育背景下支持特殊需要儿童(CSN)参与身体活动的支持保障体系。

方法 基于世界卫生组织(WHO)健康促进学校框架,并结合WHO《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》(ICF)理论以及WHO身体活动指南,构建系统化、多维度的支持体系。

结果 融合教育背景下,CSN参与身体活动的主要形式包括体育课程和课外体育活动。研究构建了融合教育背景下支持CSN参与身体活动的支持保障系统,该系统由宏观、中观和微观3个层面构成。在宏观层面,要建立融合体育教育和身体活动相关政策、无障碍与通用设计的物理环境,并建立包容性的身体活动氛围及整合社区资源。在中观层面,要建立融合体育教师的发展环境,支持教师掌握融合教育教学和课堂管理以及课外体育活动等教学技能。在微观层面,需要针对CSN的身体活动和运动发展要求,设计体育课程、建立个别化学习支持机制,鼓励和支持学生参与身体活动和体育课程。

结论 针对在融合教育背景下CSN的身体活动和体育教育需求,构建了宏观、中观和微观的支持体系。宏观层面涉及政策、环境和社区,中观层面涉及融合体育教师和教学与训练,微观层面涉及学生的学习、动作发展和健康。

关键词: 特殊需要儿童, 融合体育教育, 身体活动, 支持保障体系, 国际功能、残疾和健康分类, 健康促进学校

Abstract:

Objective To construct a support system that facilitates the participation of children with special needs (CSN) in physical activity within the context of inclusive education.

Methods Based on World Health Organization (WHO) health promoting school (HPS) framework, and integrating WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as well as the WHO guidelines on physical activity, a systematic and multidimensional support framework was developed.

Results In the context of inclusive education, the primary forms of physical activity for CSN included physical education classes and extracurricular sports activities. A comprehensive support system was developed at macro-, meso- and micro-levels. At the macro-level, the framework called for the establishment of inclusive physical education and activity-related policies, accessible and universally designed physical environments, inclusive activity climates, and integrated community resources. At the meso-level, it emphasized creating a supportive professional development environment for inclusive physical education teachers, equipping them with skills in inclusive pedagogy, classroom management and extracurricular activity planning. At the micro-level, it focused on the design of physical education curricula tailored to the physical activity and motor development needs of CSN, the establishment of individualized learning support mechanisms, and encouraging active participation in physical education and physical activities.

Conclusion To address the physical activity and educational needs of CSN in inclusive education settings, a three-tiered support system has been constructed. The macro-level involves policy, environment and community; the meso-level focuses on teachers and instructional practices; and the micro-level targets students' learning, motor development and health.

Key words: children with special needs, inclusive physical education, physical activity, support system, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, health-promoting school

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