《中国康复理论与实践》

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2025, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (12): 1385-1397.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2025.12.003

• 专题　运动干预在康复中的应用 • 上一篇    下一篇

运动干预对运动相关性脑震荡预防作用的系统综述

段富文1, 张倍齐2, 李丽2()   

  1. 1.哈尔滨体育学院研究生院，黑龙江哈尔滨市 150006
    2.哈尔滨体育学院运动科学与健康学院，黑龙江哈尔滨市 150006
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-18 修回日期:2025-10-19 出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2025-12-29
  • 通讯作者: 李丽 E-mail:lili@hrbipe.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:段富文(1999-)，男，汉族，云南陇川县人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：运动康复学(运动损伤康复与预防)。
  • 基金资助:
    哈尔滨体育学院第一批"揭榜挂帅"项目(2022jbgs-001)

Preventive effect of exercise interventions on sport-related concussion: a systematic review

DUAN Fuwen1, ZHANG Beiqi2, LI Li2()   

  1. 1. Graduate School, Harbin Sport University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150006, China
    2. College of Sports Science and Health, Harbin Sport University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150006, China
  • Received:2025-08-18 Revised:2025-10-19 Published:2025-12-25 Online:2025-12-29
  • Contact: LI Li E-mail:lili@hrbipe.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    The First "Unveil the List and Assign the Leader" Project of Harbin Sport University(2022jbgs-001)

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摘要：

目的 系统综述运动干预对运动相关性脑震荡(SRC)的预防作用。
方法 系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普、Embase、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、EBSBO等数据库关于运动干预对SRC预防作用的文献，检索时限为建库至2025年7月22日。采用PEDro量表对纳入文献进行方法学质量评估，遵循PRISMA指南提取相关数据进行系统综述。
结果 最终纳入29篇文献，其中以个体为分析单位的研究，共纳入3 892例受试者；以团队为分析单位的研究共涉及41个俱乐部；来自美国、英国、意大利、新西兰、澳大利亚、加拿大和德国等国家；发表时间跨度为2004年到2025年；PEDro量表评分4~8分。干预方法包括传统颈部抗阻训练、动态颈部抗阻训练和损伤预防计划。传统颈部抗阻训练(以徒手或弹力带为主，多为等长收缩)，干预频率多为每次15~35 min、每周2~3 次、持续4~16周；动态颈部抗阻训练(涉及多平面等张或等速训练，使用特定设备进行)，训练参数多为每次10~40 min、每周2~3次、持续6~14周；损伤预防计划(在常规训练前后加入颈部练习，整合神经肌肉控制、平衡训练、扰动训练与技术优化)，多在赛季内以单次15~20 min、每周2~3次、持续3~9个月实施。三类干预对颈部肌力的提升效果最为稳健，而动态训练相较传统训练，可产生更大的多方向力量增益；部分研究还观察到运动干预对关键头部运动学参数的改善，这一效果在采用损伤预防计划以及基础颈部肌力较弱的个体中尤为突出。少数整群随机对照试验证实损伤预防计划可降低SRC发生率，并呈现依从性越高获益越大的剂量-效应关系。
结论 多数研究证实，运动干预对SRC的预防有积极影响，个别研究存在争议。规范、持续且依从性良好的运动干预能降低SRC风险，应作为团队层面的一级预防策略推广。

关键词: 运动相关性脑震荡, 预防, 运动干预, 系统综述

Abstract:

Objective To conduct a systematic review of the preventive effect of exercise interventions on sport-related concussions (SRC).
Methods Literatures about the preventive effect of exercise interventions on SRC were searched in databases including CNKI, Wanfang data, VIP, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and EBSCO, with the search scope covering from the establishment of the databases to July 22, 2025. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using PEDro Scale, and relevant data were extracted following the PRISMA guidelines for a systematic review.
Results A total of 29 studies were included. Among them, studies with individuals as the analytical unit included 3 892 participants; studies with teams as the analytical unit involved 41 clubs. Participants came from countries including the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy, New Zealand, Australia, Canada and Germany. The studies spanned from 2004 to 2025. The scores of PEDro scale was four to eight. Intervention methods comprised traditional neck resistance training, dynamic neck resistance training and injury prevention programs. Traditional neck resistance training (primarily using bodyweight or elastic bands, often involving isometric contractions) typically featured 15 to 35 minutes per session, two to three times per week, for four to 16 weeks. Dynamic neck resistance training (involving multi-plane isometric or isokinetic exercises using specialized equipment) typically featured ten to 40 minutes per session, two to three sessions per week, for six to 14 weeks. Injury prevention programs (incorporating neck exercises before/after routine training, integrating neuromuscular control, balance training, perturbation training and technique optimization) typically featured 15 to 20 minutes per session, two to three sessions per week, for three to nine months in the season. Neck strength gains were most robust across all three intervention types, with dynamic training yielding greater multidirectional strength gains compared to traditional training. Some studies also observed improvements in key head kinematic parameters through exercise interventions, particularly for individuals using injury prevention programs and those with baseline weak neck strength. A small number of randomized controlled trials confirmed that injury prevention programs reduced SRC incidence, demonstrating a dose-response relationship where greater benefits correlated with higher adherence.
Conclusion Most studies confirm that exercise interventions are effective on preventing SRC, though some individual studies remain controversial. Standardized, sustained and well-adhered-to exercise interventions can reduce SRC risk, which should be promoted as a primary prevention strategy at the team level.

Key words: sport-related concussion, prevention, exercise intervention, systematic review

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