《中国康复理论与实践》

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2020, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (5): 528-533.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2020.05.007

• 专题 基于大数据残疾人康复需求与服务及其影响因素研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

极重度听力残疾人康复需求与康复服务发展状况结构方程模型

陈迪1,2,3,邱卓英1,2,3(),王国祥3,4,李欣5(),程子玮5,李安巧5,申兆慧1,2,6,陈佳妮1,2,6,田宝6,张爱民1,2,肖晓飞7   

  1. 1.中国康复研究中心康复信息研究所,北京市 100068
    2.中国康复科学所康复信息研究所,北京市100068
    3.世界卫生组织国际分类家族中国合作中心,北京市 100068
    4.苏州大学体育学院/运动康复研究中心,江苏苏州市 215021
    5.中国智力和发展性残疾分级、评估与康复（运动）重点实验室/郑州大学体育学院（校本部）,河南郑州市 450001
    6.首都师范大学心理学院,北京市 100037
    7.滨州医学院康复医学院,山东烟台市 264003
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-28 出版日期:2020-05-25 发布日期:2020-05-29
  • 通讯作者: 邱卓英,李欣 E-mail:qiutiger@hotmail.com;xinlibox@zzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:陈迪(1982-),男,汉族,北京市人,博士,助理研究员,主要研究方向：ICF、残疾研究、康复科学、康复大数据与统计、康复信息。

Unmet Needs and Services Development of Rehabilitation for People with Extremely Severe Hearing Disability Using Structural Equation Analysis

CHEN Di1,2,3,QIU Zhuo-ying1,2,3(),WANG Guo-xiang3,4,LI Xin5(),CHENG Zi-wei5,LI An-qiao5,SHEN Zhao-hui1,2,6,CHEN Jia-ni1,2,6,TIAN Bao6,ZHANG Ai-min1,2,XIAO Xiao-fei7   

  1. 1. Research Institute of Rehabilitation Information, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing 100068 China
    2. Research Institute of Rehabilitation Information, China Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Beijing 100068 China
    3. WHO-FIC Collaborating Center in China, Beijing 100068, China
    4. School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences/Research Center of Sport Rehabilitation, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
    5. China Key Laboratory of Classification, Evaluation and Rehabilitation (Sport) of Intellectual and Development Disability, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China/School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
    6. School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100037 China
    7. School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
  • Received:2020-04-28 Published:2020-05-25 Online:2020-05-29
  • Contact: QIU Zhuo-ying,LI Xin E-mail:qiutiger@hotmail.com;xinlibox@zzu.edu.cn

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摘要：

目的 研究极重度听力残疾人的残疾状况、康复需求特点和康复服务发展状况及相关影响因素。方法 选取90 052名极重度听力残疾人数据为样本,采用多重响应交叉列联表分析康复需求特征和康复服务发展状况,构建康复需求与康复服务的结构方程模型,探讨他们之间的关系及影响因素。结果 极重度听力残疾人报告的康复需求,按照需求程度从高到低在辅助器具需求(61.5%)、护理需求(24.1 %)、药物需求(23.4%)、功能训练(17.6%)和手术需求(2.5%)。极重度听力残疾人接受过的康复服务主要集中在辅助器具服务(58.3%),其次是护理服务(24.4%)、药物服务(22.4%)、功能训练服务(22.0%)和手术服务(2.2%)。结构方程模型显示,接受康复服务程度越高,对人工耳 蜗手术需求和言语治疗需求的程度越高(P < 0.001);经济情况越好,人工耳蜗手术需求越高(P < 0.001);年龄对人工耳蜗手术需求和言语治疗需求有显著影响( P < 0.001)。 结论 极重度听力残疾人的康复需求与康复服务主要包括辅助器具、护理、药物和功能训练。接受过康复服务的极重度听力残疾人对康复的需求程度提高,说明提高极重度听力残疾人的康复服务的可及性仍是未来残疾服务发展的重点。根ICF功能理论,结合残疾人需求特征,推广精准康复服务是提升康复服务质量的重要措施。

关键词: 极重度听力残疾, 康复需求, 康复服务, 残疾调查

Abstract:

Objective To explore the characteristics and the influential factors of unmet needs and services development of rehabilitation for people with extremely severe hearing disability (PSHDs).Methods A total of 90 052 PSHDs were included. Multiple response was used to analyze the characteristics of unmet needs and services of rehabilitation. The structural equation model of the received service and unmet needs of PSHDs was developed.Results The reporting rate of unmet needs of rehabilitation for PSHDs, from high to low, were assistive devices (61.5%), nursing care (24.1%), medicine (23.4%), functional training (17.6%) and surgery (2.5%). The reporting rate of received service for PSHDs, from high to low, were assistive devices (58.3%), nursing care (24.4%), medicine (22.4%), functional training (22.0%) and surgery (2.2%). Structural Equation Model showed that the more services received, the more needs for cochlear implantation surgery and speech therapy (P < 0.001); the better family income situation, the more needs for cochlear implantation surgery ( P < 0.001); and age factor had significant effects on the unmet needs of cochlear implantation surgery and speech therapy ( P < 0.001). Conclusion PSHDs reported unmet needs and received services mainly included assistive devices, nursing care, medicine and functional rehabilitation training. Those PSHDs who had received services would report more demand of unmet needs, supposed that improving the accessibility and coverage of services should be emphasized in the development of rehabilitation services. According to ICF model, on the basis of the characteristics of the unmet needs of PSHDs, it proposed to take measures to implement precise rehabilitation services to improve the quality of services.

Key words: extremely severe hearing disability, rehabilitation needs, rehabilitation services, survey of disability

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