不同温度冷疗对青年男性运动后延迟性上肢肌肉酸痛的效果比较

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2025.09.011

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2025, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (9): 1074-1082.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2025.09.011

不同温度冷疗对青年男性运动后延迟性上肢肌肉酸痛的效果比较

娄彦涛¹, 王家伟¹, 肖晓飞², 李艳辉³()

¹ 沈阳体育学院运动健康学院，辽宁沈阳市 110102
² 滨州医学院特殊教育与康复学院，山东烟台市 264003
³ 沈阳体育学院实验室管理中心，辽宁沈阳市 110102

收稿日期:2025-06-08 修回日期:2025-07-28 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-10-10
通讯作者: 李艳辉(1979-)，女，汉族，河南周口市人，硕士，高级实验师，主要研究方向：运动康复与健康促进，E-mail： liyanhui_2005@126.com。
作者简介:娄彦涛(1979-)，男，汉族，河南开封市人，博士，教授，博士研究生导师，主要研究方向：运动康复生物力学；
王家伟(1996-)，男，汉族，山东聊城市人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：运动康复生物力学。
基金资助:
1.辽宁省教育厅科研平台建设项目(LJ232410176004);2.辽宁省体育科学学会规划课题(2024LTXH114)

Comparison of effect of cold therapy at different temperature on upper limb delayed onset muscle soreness in young men

LOU Yantao¹, WANG Jiawei¹, XIAO Xiaofei², LI Yanhui³()

¹ College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110102, China
² School of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
³ Laboratory Management Center, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110102, China

Received:2025-06-08 Revised:2025-07-28 Published:2025-09-25 Online:2025-10-10
Contact: LI Yanhui, E-mail: liyanhui_2005@126.com
Supported by:
Department of Education of Liaoning Province Research Platform Construction(LJ232410176004);Liaoning Sports Science Society Planning(2024LTXH114)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的比较不同温度冷疗对青年男性运动后上肢延迟性肌肉酸痛(DOMS)疼痛和运动功能的恢复效果。

方法 2024年4月至7月，在沈阳体育学院国家体育总局冬季项目技术诊断与技能评定重点实验室选取健康青年男性(22~26岁) 24例，随机均分对照组、A组和B组。采用等速肌力测试系统进行肘关节DOMS运动建模；建模后，A组行10 ℃恒温冷疗10 min，B组行6 ℃恒温冷疗10 min，对照组自然恢复。建模后即刻、24 h、48 h和72 h，采用等速肌力测试系统测试肘屈肌群60°/s、120°/s和180°/s角速度下相对峰力矩(rPT)，无线表面肌电测试系统同步采集肱二头肌肌电振幅均方根(RMS)，采用疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评定疼痛。

结果 VAS评分、rPT和RMS的组内(F > 15.716, P < 0.001)和组间(F > 6.478, P < 0.01)主效应均显著。建模后24 h、48 h和72 h，VAS评分对照组 > A组 > B组(P < 0.05)。建模后不同时间点及不同角速度下，各组rPT和RMS两两比较结果虽有所不同，但总体上，rPT呈现对照组 < A组 < B组(P < 0.05)的趋势，RMS呈现对照组 > A组 > B组(P < 0.05)的趋势。角速度越大，时间越长，趋势越明显。

结论冷疗可缓解青年男性运动后上肢DOMS的疼痛，并促进肌力恢复，恒温6 ℃冷疗效果更佳。

关键词: 延迟性肌肉酸痛, 上肢, 冷疗, 疼痛, 肌力

Abstract:

Objective To compare the effect of cold therapy at different temperature on the pain and motor function of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in the upper limbs of young men.

Methods From April to July, 2024, 24 healthy young men (aged 22 to 26 years) were selected from the Key Laboratory of Winter Sports Technical Diagnosis and Skill Evaluation of the General Administration of Sport of China at Shenyang Sport University, and randomly divided into control group, group A and group B equally. An isokinetic muscle strength testing system was used to establish a DOMS movement model for elbow joint. Then, group A received cold therapy at a constant temperature of 10 ℃ for 10 minutes, group B received cold therapy at a constant temperature of 6 ℃ for 10 minutes, and the control group received natural recovery. They were measured relative peak torque (rPT) of the elbow flexor muscles at angular velocities of 60°/s, 120°/s and 180°/s with isokinetic muscle strength testing system, and root mean square (RMS) of EMG amplitude of biceps brachii was synchronously collected using a wireless surface EMG system, immediately, and 24, 48 and 72 hours after model establishment; while, they were assessed with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain.

Results The main effects of VAS score, rPT and RMS were significant in both intra-group (F > 15.716, P < 0.001) and inter-group (F > 6.478, P < 0.01). At 24, 48 and 72 hours after model establishment, the VAS scores showed a trend of control group > group A > group B (P < 0.05). Although the pairwise comparison results of rPT and RMS among the groups varied at different time points after model establishment under different angular velocities, overall, rPT presented a trend of control group < group A < group B (P < 0.05), and RMS presented a trend of control group > group A > group B (P < 0.05). The higher the angular velocity and the longer the time, the more obvious this trend was.

Conclusions Cold therapy can relieve the pain of DOMS in the upper limbs of young men and promote the recovery of muscle strength, especially at a constant temperature of 6 ℃.

Key words: delayed onset muscle soreness, upper limbs, cold therapy, pain, muscle strength

中图分类号:

R873

娄彦涛, 王家伟, 肖晓飞, 李艳辉. 不同温度冷疗对青年男性运动后延迟性上肢肌肉酸痛的效果比较[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2025, 31(9): 1074-1082.

LOU Yantao, WANG Jiawei, XIAO Xiaofei, LI Yanhui. Comparison of effect of cold therapy at different temperature on upper limb delayed onset muscle soreness in young men[J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2025, 31(9): 1074-1082.

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组别	n	年龄/岁	身高/m	体质量/kg	体质量指数/(kg·m^-2)
对照组	8	24.32±1.12	1.74±0.41	74.89±3.21	24.13±2.89
A组	8	24.48±0.78	1.75±0.38	75.56±2.98	23.87±2.87
B组	8	24.12±1.02	1.76±0.49	74.77±2.94	24.01±2.95
F值		2.234	1.654	1.353	1.987
P值		0.421	0.668	0.724	0.645

变量		组别	n	即刻		24 h		48 h		72 h
变量		组别	n	均值	标准差	均值	标准差	均值	标准差	均值	标准差
VAS		对照组	8	42.45	3.01	55.31	2.39	56.91	1.38	42.02	1.59
		A组	8	42.11	3.03	52.11	2.69	53.45	1.69	36.12	1.33
		B组	8	42.31	3.11	48.77	2.41	50.89	1.77	31.52	1.50
rPT/(N·m·kg^-1)	60°/s	对照组	8	0.50	0.13	0.54	0.14	0.58	0.11	0.60	0.08
		A组	8	0.51	0.11	0.57	0.10	0.63	0.09	0.73	0.15
		B组	8	0.58	0.09	0.61	0.09	0.71	0.10	0.84	0.09
	120°/s	对照组	8	0.36	0.06	0.39	0.10	0.45	0.08	0.49	0.10
		A组	8	0.37	0.11	0.46	0.16	0.50	0.11	0.65	0.10
		B组	8	0.41	0.08	0.47	0.12	0.60	0.10	0.74	0.09
	180°/s	对照组	8	0.34	0.05	0.37	0.09	0.39	0.07	0.46	0.10
		A组	8	0.35	0.06	0.42	0.11	0.47	0.11	0.57	0.09
		B组	8	0.39	0.12	0.45	0.12	0.53	0.10	0.64	0.08
RMS/%	60°/s	对照组	8	63.92	11.02	71.12	11.24	64.34	9.24	61.21	9.68
		A组	8	56.23	10.67	68.89	8.56	58.87	9.02	51.67	9.54
		B组	8	52.03	9.34	63.47	9.78	50.67	8.88	42.47	8.32
	120°/s	对照组	8	55.43	9.11	69.13	10.23	63.02	9.12	57.24	9.36
		A组	8	58.87	9.76	67.45	11.25	59.23	8.37	49.27	8.23
		B组	8	52.62	8.16	65.36	10.18	54.33	8.89	42.15	8.43
	180°/s	对照组	8	55.96	10.32	70.06	10.14	60.08	10.23	57.22	8.23
		A组	8	54.76	9.23	63.67	11.21	57.26	7.22	49.56	7.21
		B组	8	53.32	7.04	62.75	9.07	50.86	8.75	41.84	8.32

变量		平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P值
VAS	组内	1121.265	1	712.221	19.323	< 0.001
	组间	543.221	2	116.512	8.567	< 0.001
	组内×组间	32.245	2	31.234	1.796	0.114
rPT	组内	937.223	1	602.214	17.675	< 0.001
	组间	455.322	2	386.124	12.513	< 0.001
	组内×组间	63.458	2	34.378	2.539	0.231
RMS	组内	641.901	1	432.871	15.716	< 0.001
	组间	374.157	2	156.752	6.478	< 0.005
	组内×组间	22.326	2	14.398	1.267	0.301

时间点	组别	组别	平均值差	P值	95%CI
时间点	组别	组别	平均值差	P值	上限	下限
即刻	对照组	A组	0.34	0.726	-1.58	2.26
	对照组	B组	0.14	0.889	-1.78	2.06
	A组	B组	-0.20	0.842	-2.12	1.72
24 h	对照组	A组	3.20	0.003	1.28	5.12
	对照组	B组	6.54	< 0.001	4.62	8.46
	A组	B组	3.34	0.002	1.42	5.26
48 h	对照组	A组	3.46	0.001	1.54	5.38
	对照组	B组	6.02	< 0.001	4.10	7.94
	A组	B组	2.56	0.012	0.64	4.48
72 h	对照组	A组	5.90	< 0.001	3.98	7.82
	对照组	B组	10.50	< 0.001	8.58	12.42
	A组	B组	4.60	< 0.001	2.68	6.52

角速度	时间点	组别	组别	平均值差	P值	95%CI
角速度	时间点	组别	组别	平均值差	P值	上限	下限
60°/s	即刻	对照组	A组	-0.01	0.842	-0.15	0.13
		对照组	B组	-0.08	0.039	-0.22	0.06
		A组	B组	-0.07	0.048	-0.21	0.07
	24 h	对照组	A组	-0.03	0.532	-0.17	0.11
		对照组	B组	-0.07	0.042	-0.21	0.07
		A组	B组	-0.04	0.389	-0.18	0.10
	48 h	对照组	A组	-0.05	0.219	-0.19	0.09
		对照组	B组	-0.13	0.002	-0.27	-0.01
		A组	B组	-0.08	0.039	-0.22	0.06
	72 h	对照组	A组	-0.13	0.002	-0.27	-0.01
		对照组	B组	-0.24	< 0.001	-0.38	-0.12
		A组	B组	-0.11	0.008	-0.25	0.03
120°/s	即刻	对照组	A组	-0.01	0.842	-0.15	0.13
		对照组	B组	-0.05	0.219	-0.19	0.09
		A组	B组	-0.04	0.389	-0.18	0.10
	24 h	对照组	A组	-0.07	0.042	-0.21	0.07
		对照组	B组	-0.08	0.039	-0.22	0.06
		A组	B组	-0.01	0.842	-0.15	0.13
	48 h	对照组	A组	-0.05	0.219	-0.19	0.09
		对照组	B组	-0.15	< 0.001	-0.29	-0.03
		A组	B组	-0.10	0.015	-0.24	0.04
	72 h	对照组	A组	-0.16	< 0.001	-0.30	-0.04
		对照组	B组	-0.25	< 0.001	-0.39	-0.13
		A组	B组	-0.09	0.027	-0.23	0.05
180°/s	即刻	对照组	A组	-0.01	0.842	-0.15	0.13
		对照组	B组	-0.05	0.219	-0.19	0.09
		A组	B组	-0.04	0.389	-0.18	0.10
	24 h	对照组	A组	-0.05	0.219	-0.19	0.09
		对照组	B组	-0.08	0.039	-0.22	0.06
		A组	B组	-0.03	0.532	-0.17	0.11
	48 h	对照组	A组	-0.08	0.039	-0.22	0.06
		对照组	B组	-0.14	0.001	-0.28	-0.02
		A组	B组	-0.06	0.149	-0.20	0.08
	72 h	对照组	A组	-0.11	0.008	-0.25	0.03
		对照组	B组	-0.18	< 0.001	-0.32	-0.06
		A组	B组	-0.07	0.042	-0.21	0.07

不同温度冷疗对青年男性运动后延迟性上肢肌肉酸痛的效果比较

Comparison of effect of cold therapy at different temperature on upper limb delayed onset muscle soreness in young men

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角速度	时间点	组别	组别	平均值差	P值	95%CI
角速度	时间点	组别	组别	平均值差	P值	上限	下限
60°/s	即刻	对照组	A组	7.69	0.023	1.12	14.26
		对照组	B组	11.89	< 0.001	5.32	18.46
		A组	B组	4.20	0.215	-2.37	10.77
	24 h	对照组	A组	2.23	0.508	-4.34	8.80
		对照组	B组	7.65	0.024	1.08	14.22
		A组	B组	5.42	0.108	-1.15	11.99
	48 h	对照组	A组	5.47	0.105	-1.10	12.04
		对照组	B组	13.67	< 0.001	7.10	20.24
		A组	B组	8.20	0.015	1.63	14.77
	72 h	对照组	A组	9.54	0.005	2.97	16.11
		对照组	B组	18.74	< 0.001	12.17	25.31
		A组	B组	9.20	0.007	2.63	15.77
120°/s	即刻	对照组	A组	-3.44	0.307	-10.01	3.13
		对照组	B组	2.81	0.403	-3.76	9.38
		A组	B组	6.25	0.064	-0.32	12.82
	24 h	对照组	A组	1.68	0.617	-4.89	8.25
		对照组	B组	3.77	0.262	-2.80	10.34
		A组	B组	2.09	0.534	-4.48	8.66
	48 h	对照组	A组	3.79	0.259	-2.78	10.36
		对照组	B组	8.69	0.010	2.12	15.26
		A组	B组	4.90	0.145	-1.67	11.47
	72 h	对照组	A组	7.97	0.018	1.40	14.54
		对照组	B组	15.09	< 0.001	8.52	21.66
		A组	B组	7.12	0.034	0.55	13.69
180°/s	即刻	对照组	A组	1.20	0.720	-5.37	7.77
		对照组	B组	2.64	0.431	-3.93	9.21
		A组	B组	1.44	0.667	-5.13	8.01
	24 h	对照组	A组	6.39	0.057	-0.18	12.96
		对照组	B组	7.31	0.030	0.74	13.88
		A组	B组	0.92	0.784	-5.65	7.49
	48 h	对照组	A组	2.82	0.400	-3.75	9.39
		对照组	B组	9.22	0.006	2.65	15.79
		A组	B组	6.40	0.056	-0.17	12.97
	72 h	对照组	A组	7.66	0.023	1.09	14.23
		对照组	B组	15.38	< 0.001	8.81	21.95
		A组	B组	7.72	0.022	1.15	14.29