韵律性身体活动对3~6岁儿童执行功能影响的系统综述

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2024.11.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的系统分析韵律性身体活动对健康学龄前儿童执行功能及其不同子成分的干预效果。

方法检索中国知网、万方数据、EBSCO、PubMed、Google Scholar和Web of Science数据库中有关韵律性身体活动对健康3~6岁儿童执行功能干预的中英文文献，检索期限为建库至2024年10月。采用物理治疗证据数据库(PEDro)量表评价方法学质量，提取相关数据进行系统综述。

结果最终纳入10篇研究，发表时间集中于2019年至2024年，来自7个国家，包含7项随机对照试验和3项准实验设计，共涉及1 047例儿童。PEDro量表评分5~8分。韵律性身体活动干预每次20~50 min，每周1~5次，共6~20周。干预形式包括体育活动(街舞、花球啦啦操、走、跑、跳等动作技能练习)、音乐教学活动(音乐感知、节奏同步、音乐游戏)、舞蹈活动(创意舞蹈、动作模仿、角色扮演)和器乐演奏活动(身体打击乐、节奏棒、沙球、鼓)。韵律性身体活动对健康学龄前儿童至少一项执行功能成分有效，但涉及认知灵活性的7项研究中，5项效果不显著；6项研究对比韵律性身体活动与其他身体活动的干预效果，5项发现韵律性身体活动对执行功能的干预效果更好。

结论韵律性身体活动可以改善学龄前儿童抑制控制和工作记忆，对认知灵活性方面的效果存在争议。

关键词: 儿童, 学龄前, 韵律性身体活动, 执行功能, 系统综述

Abstract:

Objective To systematically analyze the effect of rhythmic physical activity on executive function and sub-components in healthy preschool children.

Methods Literature in Chinese and English was retrieved from databases such as CNKI, Wanfang Data, EBSCO, PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science for researches about the intervention of rhythmic physical activity for executive function of healthy children aged three to six years, up to October, 2024. The methodological quality of the researches was evaluated with PEDro Scale, and data were extracted for a systematic review.

Results Ten researches, published between 2019 and 2024, from seven countries, were included; and seven were randomized controlled trials and three were quasi experiment, involving a total of 1 047 children. The scores of the PEDro scale ranged five to eight. The rhythmic physical activity intervention was 20 to 50 minutes a time, one to five times a week, for six to 20 weeks. The forms of rhythmic physical activity intervention included sports activities (street dance, flower ball cheerleading, walking, running, jumping and other motor skill exercises), music teaching activities (music perception, rhythm synchronization and music games), dance activities (creative dance, action imitation and role playing) and music performance activities (body percussion, rhythm sticks, sand balls and drums). Rhythmic physical activity was effective on at least one sub-component of executive function. However, five of the seven researches involving cognitive flexibility failed to demonstrate a positive effect. Six researches compared the effects of rhythmic physical activity versus other physical activities, and five found that rhythmic physical activity was more effective on executive function.

Conclusion Rhythmic physical activity can improve inhibitory control and working memory in preschool children; but the effect on cognitive flexibility remain controversial.

Key words: children, preschool, rhythmic physical activities, executive function, systematic review

中图分类号:

R247.3

杜安龙, 宁科, 上官纯子, 王辰, 张婧婕, 乔思颖, 李章涛. 韵律性身体活动对3~6岁儿童执行功能影响的系统综述[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2024, 30(11): 1334-1342.

DU Anlong, NING Ke, SHANGGUAN Chunzi, WANG Chen, ZHANG Jingjie, QIAO Siying, LI Zhangtao. Effect of rhythmic physical activity on executive function in children aged three to six: a systematic review[J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2024, 30(11): 1334-1342.

图/表 4

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表2

表3

纳入文献基本特征"

纳入文献	国家	研究设计	环境	样本特征		干预			结局指标	结果
				样本特征		T		C
				T	C	形式	频率	C
Bentley等^[17] (2023)	澳大利亚	RCT	幼儿园	n = 112 (4.16±0.36)岁	n = 101 (4.27±0.39)岁	体育、舞蹈	每次30 min，每周2~3次，共8周	无额外身体活动	抑制控制：Go/No-Go 工作记忆：Mr Ant 认知灵活性：Card-Sort	抑制控制(+) 工作记忆(0) 认知灵活性(0)
Wang等^[18] (2022)	中国	RCT	幼儿园	n = 36 4~5岁	n = 35 4~5岁	体育	每次40 min，每周4次，共12周	常规体育活动	抑制控制：Panda/Lion Test、Grass-Snow Task 工作记忆：Corsi Blocks Test、Reverse Coris Blocks Test 认知灵活性：Flexible Item Selection Task	抑制控制(+) 工作记忆(+) 认知灵活性(0)
Frischen等^[19] (2019)	德国	RCT	幼儿园	n = 24 (5.73±0.29)岁	组1 n = 25 (5.62±0.29)岁组2 n = 27 (5.79±0.31)岁	器乐演奏、音乐教学	每次20 min，每周3次，共20周	组1：音高训练组2：常规体育活动	抑制控制：NEPSY-Ⅱ 工作记忆：Subtests Matrix Span Test、Corsi Block Test 认知灵活性：Dimensional Change Card Sort	抑制控制(+) 工作记忆(0) 认知灵活性(0)
Suppalarkbunlue等^[20] (2023)	泰国	QE	幼儿园	n = 39 (4.36±0.42)岁	n = 40 (4.49±0.29)岁	体育、器乐演奏	每次45 min，每周3次，共8周	无额外身体活动	抑制控制：Cat-Mouse Task、Bird And Dragon Task、Tapping Task 工作记忆：Missing Scan Task 认知灵活性：Dimensional Change Card Sort	抑制控制(+) 工作记忆(0) 认知灵活性(0)
Shen等^[21] (2020)	中国	RCT	幼儿园	n = 30 (4.37±0.33)岁	n = 30 (4.64±0.35)岁	体育	每次40~50 min，每周3次，共8周	无额外身体活动	抑制控制：Go/No-Go 工作记忆：Backward Digit Span Task 认知灵活性：Dimensional Change Card Sort	抑制控制(+) 工作记忆(+) 认知灵活性(+)
Degé等^[22] (2022)	德国	RCT	幼儿园	n = 11 (5.95±0.41)岁	n = 14 (5.95±0.41)岁	器乐演奏、舞蹈	每次20 min，每周3次，共14周	常规体育活动	抑制控制：NEPSY-Ⅱ	抑制控制(+)
Shen等^[23] (2019)	中国	RCT	幼儿园	n = 30 (4.28±0.36)岁	n = 31 (4.20±0.28)岁	音乐教学、舞蹈	每次45 min，每周5次，共12周	无额外身体活动	抑制控制：Day/Night Stroop Task 工作记忆：Backward Digit Span Task、Dot Matrix Test 认知灵活性：Dimensional Change Card Sort	抑制控制(+) 工作记忆(+) 认知灵活性(+)
Bolduc等^[24] (2021)	加拿大	RCT	幼儿园	n = 50 (5.5±0.31)岁	组1 n = 52 (5.5±0.23)岁组2 n = 58 (5.5±0.32)岁	音乐教学	每次40 min，每周1次，共19周	组1：常规体育活动组2：无额外身体活动	抑制控制：NEPSY-Ⅱ	抑制控制(+)
Kosokabe等^[25] (2021)	日本	QE	幼儿园	n = 92 (4.66±0.57)岁	组1 n = 75 (4.79±0.57)岁组2 n = 51 (4.61±0.57)岁	音乐教学、器乐演奏	每次30 min，每周5次，共6周	组1：无额外身体活动组2：戏剧表演游戏	抑制控制：Black White Task、Hand Game 工作记忆：Backward Digit Span、Backward Word Span 认知灵活性：Dimensional Change Card Sort	抑制控制(+) 工作记忆(+) 认知灵活性(0)
Bugos等^[26] (2022)	美国	RCT	幼儿园	n = 34 (4.56±0.78)岁	组1 n = 29 (4.69±0.76)岁组2 n = 21 (4.57±0.75)岁	音乐教学、器乐	每次45 min，每周2次，共10周	组1：无额外身体活动组2：乐高训练	工作记忆：Executive Function Touch Task	工作记忆(+)

表3

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纳入文献	资格标准	随机分配	基线相似	治疗师施盲	评估者施盲	退出率≤ 15%	意向性分析	组间统计比较	点测量和变异量值	总分
Bentley等^[17] (2023)	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√	7
Wang等^[18] (2022)	√	√	√			√	√	√	√	6
Frischen等^[19] (2019)	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√	7
Suppalarkbunlue等^[20] (2023)	√		√			√	√	√	√	5
Shen等^[21] (2020)	√	√	√			√	√	√	√	6
Degé等^[22] (2022)	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√	7
Shen等^[23] (2019)	√		√			√	√	√	√	5
Bolduc等^[24] (2021)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	8
Kosokabe等^[25] (2021)	√		√			√	√	√	√	5
Bugos等^[26] (2022)	√	√	√		√		√	√	√	6