《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》 ›› 2022, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (5): 578-584.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2022.05.013
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XUAN Wenru1,SHEN Yuqing1,ZHOU Miao1,FENG Shiwen1,2()
Received:
2021-07-20
Revised:
2022-03-29
Published:
2022-05-25
Online:
2022-06-10
Contact:
FENG Shiwen
E-mail:fengsw@ntu.edu.cn
Supported by:
CLC Number:
XUAN Wenru,SHEN Yuqing,ZHOU Miao,FENG Shiwen. Bilingual training for cognition of older adults: a systematic review[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2022, 28(5): 578-584.
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纳入文献 | 国家 | 研究对象 | 干预策略 | 评估方法 | 研究结果 | 局限性 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vails等[ | 捷克 | 认知障碍的年长者 | 英语教学和学习 | 标准化测试的认知评估 | 试验组认知功能略有改善 | 试验组与对照组的分数差异较小 |
Bellander等[ | 瑞典 | 健康参与者 | 语言学习 | 磁共振成像、认知测试 | 与主动对照相比,试验组右侧海马的灰质结构发生更大变化 | 研究只包括两个测试时间点,可能会模糊大脑变化和行为之间的关系 |
Hofstetter等[ | 以色列 | 成人右利手志愿者 | 语言学习任务 | 弥散张力成像 | 额下回、颞中回和顶下小叶的扩散率改变 | 仅观察左半球选定区域,可能忽视其他区域的功能 |
Bubbico等[ | 意大利 | 健康老年人 | 英语课程学习、家庭作业练习 | 母语教师定性评估、神经心理学评估、功能性磁共振成像 | 干预组整体认知功能提高,右侧额下回、右侧额上回和左侧顶上小叶功能连接增加 | 样本量相对较小 |
Wong等[ | 中国 | 健康老年人 | 外语学习、游戏、音乐欣赏、计算机程序训练 | 行为试验、测试分析 | 整体认知功能提高 | 需进行随机对照研究 |
Bak等[ | 英国 | 各年龄段健康人 | 苏格兰盖尔语课程学习 | 听觉注意测验 | 每周练习盖尔语超过5 h的人认知功能有所提高 | 课程开始和结束时进行测试的时间很短,限制了所用测试的数量 |
Berggren等[ | 瑞典 | 健康老年人 | 语言学习或放松训练 | 认知评估 | 在认知改善方面,组间差异不明显 | 没有全面评估语言功能;参与者的受教育程度高于平均水平 |
Ware等[ | 法国 | 认知健康、没有视听觉障碍的老年人 | 英语学习 | 问卷调查 | 外语课程方案对认知正常的法国老年人可行 | 项目对缺乏英语经验的参与者相当困难 |
Bak等[ | 英国 | 老年人 | 双语学习 | 双语问卷调查、认知测试 | 双语者的表现明显好于基线认知功能的预测,对一般智力和阅读的影响最大 | 语言知识是由问卷来定义的,而不是熟练程度 |
Craik等[ | 加拿大 | AD患者 | 使用双语 | 发病时间 | 双语患者比单语患者的确诊时间晚4.3年,报告发病时间晚5.1年 | 组间比较是横向的,应谨慎对待这些发现 |
Bialystok等[ | 加拿大 | 痴呆患者 | 使用双语 | 发病时间 | 双语患者比单语患者痴呆症状延迟4.1年 | 研究存在一定程度的主观性 |
Legault等[ | 美国 | 母语为英语的学习者 | 使用双语 | MRI | 第二语言词汇的发展与认知控制和语义处理的重要脑区的功能和结构变化有关 | 没有观察到尾状核对语言经验的作用 |
Rieker等[ | 西班牙 | 老年人 | 使用双语 | 在显性任务提示和记忆转换条件下进行任务转换 | 双语者无变化,单语者响应延迟、错误率增加 | 样本量小,应谨慎对待结果 |
Gold等[ | 美国 | 老年人 | 使用双语 | 感知任务切换、fMRI | 双语老年人的表现优于单语同龄人,同时左侧额叶皮质和扣带回皮质的激活减少 | 没有解决习得年龄对双语优势的影响等问题 |
Ljungberg等[ | 瑞典 | 单语和双语参与者 | 使用双语 | 情景记忆回忆任务、语言流利性任务 | 双语者比单语者在情景回忆和字母流畅性方面的表现更好 | 双语者无法在日常生活中练习他们的第二语言 |
Bialystok等[ | 加拿大 | 年轻人和老年人 | 使用双语 | 西蒙任务 | 双语者对一致和不一致试验的反应更快,但也产生较小的西蒙效应 | 不确定能否将结果扩展到双语经验更有限的双语者 |
Jylkkä等[ | 芬兰 | 使用芬兰语和英语的健康人 | - | 图片命名和语义分类任务 | 第一语言(L1)比第二语言(L2)具有更高的基础水平激活,并且在L2生产过程中需要更多地抑制L1 | 结果与现有的理论框架不兼容,需要进一步的调查和检验 |
Martensson等[ | 瑞典 | 口译人员 | 强化训练 | MRI | 被试者的大脑皮质厚度和海马体积增加 | 样本代表性不高 |
Stein等[ | 瑞士 | 母语为英语的交换生 | 密集德语课程 | 多项选择测试和词汇测试、MRI | 德语水平提高与左额下回结构变化有关 | 样本量小 |
Ramos等[ | 西班牙 | 健康老年人 | 巴斯克语培训 | 行为试验 | 双语老年人没有任何特定的认知优势 | 没有一个较好的对照组 |
Anderson等[ | 英国 | 健康老年人、MCI患者、疑似AD患者 | 使用双语 | 简易精神状态检查、Delis-Kaplan执行功能系统、蒙特利尔认知评估 | 在不同的诊断类别中,双语者的表现比单语同龄人好 | 神经心理学测试在用于双语参与者时可能会产生偏差 |
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