Objective To investigate the effect of respiratory training based on core stability training on feedforward control in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP).

Methods A total of 60 patients with CNLBP in Jiaxing Second Hospital from January, 2022 to March, 2023 were randomly divided into control group (n = 30) and experimental group (n = 30). Both groups received health education, physical factor therapy and core stability training, while the experimental group received respiratory training in addition, for four weeks. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, Japanese Orthopaedic Association low back pain (JOA) score and Oswestry Dysfunction Index (ODI) were compared between two groups before and after treatment, while surface electromyography was used to detect the root mean square (RMS) and integrated electromyography (iEMG) of transversus abdominis, multifidus and triceps (movement muscles), and the activation sequence and relative activation time of transversus abdominis, multifidus and triceps were calculated.

Results After treatment, the scores of VAS, JOA and ODI improved significantly in both groups (|t| > 8.515, P < 0.001), and the scores were better in the experimental group than in the control group (|t| > 2.089, P < 0.05). RMS and iEMG of transversus abdominis and multifidus improved significantly after treatment in both groups (|t| > 18.831, P < 0.001), and were significantly better in the experimental group (|t| > 3.481, P < 0.05). The transversus abdominis and multifidus in both groups were activated before the movement muscles, and the relative activation time of transversus abdominis and multifidus increased in negative (|t| > 48.115, P < 0.001), the experimental group being better (|t| > 3.229, P < 0.05).

Conclusion Combination of core stability training and respiratory training is beneficial in reducing the pain of patients with CNLBP, reducing the lumbar dysfunction, improving the order of muscle activation, and strengthening feedforward control.

Objective To create an evidence-based expert consensus on airway function rehabilitation and management post tracheostomy in neurocritical patients.

Methods The lists of problems and recommendations were defined using Delphi method, and the evidence quality and recommendation strength were evaluated using GRADE, and the results were reported based on RIGHT.

Results The comprehensive rehabilitation of airway function for neurocritical patients with tracheotomy in the setting of clinical rehabilitation would be conducted by a multidisciplinary team, including rehabilitation physicians, rehabilitation therapists, nurses, etc. A total of 17 recommendations were finally formulated on four major issues, including the airway function rehabilitation, airway management, pre-decannulation assessment and decannulation, and the monitoring after decannulation and rehabilitation management.

Conclusions The expert consensus on the airway function rehabilitation and the management after tracheostomy in neurocritical patients in the setting of clinical rehabilitation has been created, which may be helpful for the quality and safety of rehabilitation for the airway function in neurocritical patients with tracheostomy.

Objective To discuss the education of exercise rehabilitation specialty in China using World Health Organization rehabilitation competency framework (RCF).

Methods With reference to World Health Organization Rehabilitation in Health Systems and RCF, this paper discussed the objectives, course contents and human resource management of exercise rehabilitation in China.

Results Rehabilitation service was an important part of health service to achieve the goals of United Nations 2030 health coverage, well-being of all people and sustainable development. Sports rehabilitation would cultivate professionals with knowledge of rehabilitation medicine and exercise rehabilitation. We should establish the concept of "people-oriented", improve the multi-disciplinary human resource management system, and improve the provision of multi-dimensional rehabilitation services in communities and hospitals, to cultivate professionals with both theoretical and practical abilities. RCF played an important role in developing teaching objectives, which helped for competency oriented education, curriculum settings, and an education system centered on competency.

Conclusion Under the context in Rehabilitation in Health Systems and RCF, we have clarified the competency characteristics required for the training of sports rehabilitation professionals, optimized the training mode of sports rehabilitation professionals, and explored the path to achieve the goals of sports rehabilitation talent training.

Objective To review the application of artificial intelligence in anxiety and depression among children and adolescents.

Methods PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang data were searched for literature related to artificial intelligence applied in of anxiety and depression among children and adolescents from January, 2014 to January, 2024, and a scoping review was conducted.

Results A total of ten papers were included, originating from the United States, China, Australia and France. These researches were primarily published in journals related to psychology, public health, clinical medicine, neuroscience and rehabilitation, involving six cross-sectional researches, three longitudinal researches and one interview, including 10 880 participants aged from three to 18 years. The types of data mainly included questionnaires/scales, interview data and brain imaging data. Features related to anxiety and depression were extracted from the data, and artificial intelligence were employed to develop models for the identification or prediction of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents.

Conclusion Artificial intelligence is potential for identifying or predicting anxiety and depression in children and adolescents.

Objective To explore the effect of behavioral vision training on post-stroke ocular motility disorders (PSOMD).

Methods From August to Octobor, 2023, a total of 21 PSOMD patients in Beijing Bo'ai Hospital were selected. They received behavioral vision training, including brain-based visual training and visual fusion training, for four weeks. Visual function was assessed with Snellen eye chart, strabismus prism and Titmus near stereopia.

Results The vision of both right and left eyes improved after training (Z _{right eye} = -3.601, Z _{left eye} = 3.012, P < 0.01), while the strabismus prism reduced significantly (t = 8.930, P < 0.001). But Titmus near stereopia showed no difference (P > 0.05).

Conclusion Behavioral vision training could improve vision and strabismus after stroke.

Objective To investigate the correlation between somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) of upper limbs, and sensory and motor functions in stroke patients in different stages.

Methods From June, 2021 to October, 2023, 177 stroke patients in Shijiazhuang People's Hospital were diveded into acute stage group (within 14 days, n = 25), early recovery group (14 days to one month, n = 110) and middle to late recovery group (one to six months, n = 42) according to the duration of the disease. General information of the patients was recorded; SEP examination was performed, and N20 lantency and amplitude were recorded. Monofilament touch and two-point discrimination sensation of the patient's hands were tested using the monofilament and two-point discrimination tools, respectively; and motor function was assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE). The correlation between SEP, and the sensory and motor scores in each group was analyzed.

Results There was no significant difference in the monofilament tactile and two-point discrimination scores among the three groups (P > 0.05). SEP was not correlated with sensory and motor functions in the acute stage group (P > 0.05); in the early recovery group, N20 latency was negatively correlated with monofilament tactile sensation (r = -0.267, P = 0.005) and positively correlated with two-point discrimination sensation (r = 0.220, P = 0.021), and N20 amplitude was positively correlated with monofilament tactile sensation (r = 0.328, P < 0.001) and FMA-UE score (r = 0.418, P < 0.001), and negatively correlated with two-point discrimination (r = -0.405, P < 0.001); in the middle to late recovery group, the N20 latency was negatively correlated with FMA-UE score (r = -0.313, P = 0.044), and N20 amplitude was positively correlated with monofilament tactile sensation (r = 0.598, P < 0.001) and FMA-UE score (r = 0.393, P = 0.010), and negatively correlated with two-point discrimination (r = -0.591, P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that the score of monofilament tactile sensation was negatively correlated with N20 latency (β = -0.510, P = 0.046), and the FMA-UE score was positively correlated with N20 amplitude (β = 0.313, P = 0.026) in the middle to late recovery group; in the early recovery group, the two-point discriminative sensation score was negatively correlated with N20 amplitude (β = -0.270, P = 0.039).

Conclusion The correlation between SEP and sensory and motor functions becomes more significant with the prolongation of disease.

Objective To systematically analyze the effect of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) on cognition, emotion and adaptive behavior in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Methods The randomized controlled trials (RCT) about the effect of VR or AR interventions on cognition, emotion and adaptive behavior in children and adolescents with ASD were retrieved from databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang data from January, 2008 to August, 2024, and a systematic review was conducted.
Results Nine RCT from China, Italy, Spain, Iran and the United Kingdom, involving a total of 384 participants, were included, published between 2016 and 2024. Participants aged two to 15 years. The approaches included VR immersive headsets, Xbox 360 Kinect game consoles, CAVE-style immersive virtual environments and AR; covered daily life scenario experiences, cognitive and social scenario training, and emotion recognition tasks. Outcome measures involved cognitive function, emotional function, attention, memory, basic interpersonal communication and adaptive behavior. Interventions typically lasted 15 to 60 minutes a time, one to three times a week, for three to 24 weeks. VR-based training improved overall cognition, emotion recognition, emotional control and expression, basic interpersonal communication and adaptive behavior; while AR-based training improved executive function, spatial orientation, task focus and memory.
Conclusion VR and AR are effective on overall cognitive function, emotional function, attention, memory, basic interpersonal communication and adaptive behavior in ASD children and adolescents.

Objective To evaluate the effect of virtual reality (VR) on cognitive function and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Methods A systematic search of CBM, CNKI, Wanfang data, VIP, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed was carried out to identify randomized control trials (RCT) about the effect of VR technology on patients with Parkinson's disease from inception to February 29th, 2024. The control group received routine cognitive training, balance training or physical therapy, and the experimental group received VR technology. The quality of articles was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration's 5.1.0 RCT risk assessment tool for bias. The meta-analysis was performed using Revman5.4. GRADE was used to evaluate the evidence quality of outcome indicators.

Results A total of 13 literatures involving 426 patients were included. Allocation concealment and blind methods were not described in most literatures, and selective reporting of research results or other biases was unclear. VR technology could improve the Motreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score (MD = 1.11, 95%CI 0.31 to 1.90, P = 0.006), Trail Making Test (TMT)-A score (MD = -6.25, 95%CI -11.71 to -0.78, P = 0.030) and depression scale score (SMD = -0.56, 95%CI -0.95 to 0.18, P = 0.004) of patients with Parkinson's disease; however, it did not improve TMT-B score (MD = -6.01, 95%CI -28.16 to 16.14, P = 0.590), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)-Part II score (MD = -2.11, 95%CI -4.97 to 0.75, P = 0.150) and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) score (MD = -0.92, 95%CI -4.03 to 2.19, P = 0.560). For quality of evidence, MoCA score, UPDRS-Part II score and PDQ-39 score were low, and depression score and TMT score were moderate.

Conclusion VR technology can improve the cognitive function and depression of patients with Parkinson's disease; however, no significant improvement is found in activities of daily living and quality of life.

Objective To analyze the current state, research hotspots, and development trends of electroencephalography (EEG) applied in the field of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods Relevant literature from the Web of Science core collection database from January, 2014 to January, 2024 were retrieved and analyzed using CiteSpace 6.2.R4.

Results A total of 1 509 articles were included, with an increasing trend in publication volume over the years. The United States ranked highest in both publication volume and node centrality. The primary journals in this field were concentrated in clinical medicine, immunology and psychology. Keyword co-occurrence and clustering indicated that research primarily focused on the correlation between core symptoms of ASD and EEG indicators, differential diagnosis of ASD and its comorbidities, brain functional connectivity, and assessment of rehabilitation efficacy. Keywords bursted in the past three years mainly included artificial intelligence and machine learning.

Conclusion The researches in EEG technology in the field of ASD is generally increasing. Future researches may focus on exploring the brain network mechanisms of ASD using EEG combined with multimodal neuroimaging, and machine learning technologies.

Objective To investigate the effect of manual therapy based on surface electromyography on knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in the older people.
Methods A total of 106 outpatient with unilateral KOA were selected from Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, from August, 2023 to June, 2024, and were randomly divided into control group (n = 53) and experimental group (n = 53). The control group accepted routine manual therapy, and the experimental group accepted manual therapy based on the analysis of average electromyography (AEMG). They were assessed with Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, Tinetti Balance and Gait Score, and 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) distances before and after treatment.
Results One case dropped down in each group. Before treatment, AEMG decreased in the rectus femoris, medial femoris and medial head of gastrocnemius on the affected side in the experimental group (|Z| > 8.647, P < 0.001), and it increased in the lateral femoris, semitendinosus and biceps femoris (|Z| > 4.808, P < 0.001). The scores of WOMAC, VAS, Tinetti Balance and Gait Score, and distances of 6-MWT improved in both groups after treatment (|t| > 3.987, P < 0.001), and improved more in the experimental group than in the control group, except the VAS score (|t| > 2.213, P < 0.05).
Conclusion Manual therapy focusing on activation of rectus femoris, medial femoris and medial head of gastrocnemius, inhibition of the lateral femoris, semitendinosus and biceps femoris, and releasing the tension of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments, according to the results of surface electromyography, can alleviate the pain of the KOA in the older people and improve the mobility of the knee.

Objective Based on the bio-psycho-social model of functioning and health of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework, this paper systematically analyzes rehabilitation-related policy documents of the World Health Organization (WHO) to explore the theoretical and policy principles, service systems, priority development areas, and main policy and technical measures for speech and language rehabilitation for children with hearing impairment.
Methods Under literature research and policy analysis methods, this paper systematically reviewed the functioning and health framework of ICF, relevant WHO policy reports and American Speech and Hearing Association technical documents, analyzed the current status and needs of rehabilitation services in China, and proposed a theoretical framework, priority areas, and main policy and technical measures for constructing an ICF-based speech and language rehabilitation service system for children with hearing impairment.
Results There were eight major principles for the development of speech and language rehabilitation for children with hearing impairment: child-centered and respect for individual differences, life-cycle support and promoting continuous development, evidence-based practice, multidisciplinary collaboration, building family participation support networks, promoting integrated education and social participation, focusing on cultural sensitivity, and technology-empowered rehabilitation innovation. Five service systems were elaborated, including comprehensive early screening, diagnosis, and intervention system; family and social support system; multidisciplinary team services system; comprehensive, multi-level speech and language rehabilitation service system; and digitally empowered services to build new rehabilitation service models. The priority development areas, and main policy and technical measures for speech and language rehabilitation for children with hearing impairment were also discussed.
Conclusion Based on the bio-psycho-social model of functioning and health of ICF, comprehensive, personalized, continuous, high-quality and universally accessible speech and language rehabilitation services can be developed by implementing measures, such as strengthening policy support, improving service systems, cultivating multidisciplinary professionals, promoting digital empowerment technologies and enhancing support system, to promote the overall development, social participation and quality of life for children with hearing impairment.

Objective To explore the effect of task-oriented training of intelligent mirror gloves combined with low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on hand function recovery in stroke patients.
Methods From October 1st, 2022 to June 30th, 2023, 136 stroke patients in Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital were randomly divided into control group, mirror group, rTMS group and combination group, with 34 patients in each group. All the groups received routine rehabilitation treatment. In addition, the mirror group received task-oriented training of intelligent mirror gloves, rTMS group received low-frequency rTMS, and the combination group received task-oriented training combined with low-frequency rTMS, for four weeks. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE) score, Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) score, and surface electromyographic root mean square (RMS) of forearm extensor and flexor muscle groups on the affected/healthy side before and after treatment were compared. And the differences of transcranial magnetic stimulation-motor-evoked potentials (MEP) between rTMS group and combination group before and after treatment were also compared.
Results Four cases in the control group, seven in the mirror group, five in rTMS group and six in the combination group dropped off. The intra-group effect (F > 996.656, P < 0.001), inter-group effect (F > 20.333, P < 0.001) and interaction effect (F > 72.796, P < 0.001) were significant in the scores of FMA-UE and WMFT, and the RMS ratio of forearm extensor and flexor muscle groups among four groups, in which the combination group was the best. After treatment, the amplitude of MEP increased in rTMS group and combination group (|t| > 3.842, P < 0.05), and was higher in the combination group than in rTMS group (t = -3.060, P < 0.01).
Conclusion The task-oriented training of intelligent mirror gloves combined with low-frequency rTMS could effectively promote the recovery of hand function in stroke patients.

Objective To construct the competency and professional activities of pediatric rehabilitation therapists in China based on World Health Organization rehabilitation competency framework (RCF).
Methods Competencies, activities, and tasks in the field of pediatric rehabilitation were collected through literature, official websites and interviews with key informants using RCF. Competency requirements suitable for pediatric rehabilitation therapists were selected, competency dimensions and activities were adjusted based on the context of pediatric rehabilitation therapy. Similar content was integrated through thematic framework analysis and content analysis. Competencies were matched with typical professional activities. A competency framework and professional activities for Chinese pediatric rehabilitation therapists were developed, and the Delphi method was used to survey 22 experts, ultimately confirming competency dimensions and activity content.
Results The enthusiasm coefficient of experts was 88.00%, the authority coefficient was 0.84, and the expert opinions were more focused on importance. The CV values of all competency dimensions and activities were ≤ 0.25, and the W test was statistically significant (P < 0.05), indicating a high degree of coordination among experts. A competency framework for pediatric rehabilitation therapists in China, included 17 competency dimensions and 17 professional activities.
Conclusion To explore the competency of typical professions through RCF may enhance the application of research results in the field of rehabilitation, which provides a reference for clarifying the job content and cultivating the competency of Chinese pediatric rehabilitation therapists.

Objective To systematically evaluate the effect of exercise therapy on body structure, function, and activity and participation in patients with chronic nonspecific neck pain (CNSNP) based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework.
Methods A PICO framework was constructed, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the intervention of different types of exercise therapy for patients with CNSNP were retrieved from databases of CBM, Wanfang data, VIP, CNKI, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed and Web of Science, from the establishment to March, 2024. The quality of the literature was evaluated with Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, and the evidence quality of the outcome indicators was evaluated using GRADE. Data were synthesized and analyzed using RevMan 5.3, and the risk of bias was evaluated using Stata 18.0.
Results A total of eleven RCTs involving 668 subjects were included. The scores of PEDro scale were five to eight. The types of interventions included muscle strength training, stability training, proprioception training, Yoga and Pilates. The control groups received placebo, physical factor therapy and health education. Exercise therapy could increase the craniovertebral angle (SMD = 0.84, 95%CI 0.42 to 1.26, P < 0.001), reduce the Visual Analogue Scale score (SMD = -2.05, 95%CI -2.58 to -1.52, P < 0.001), increase the pressure pain threshold (MD = 112.27, 95%CI 75.03 to 149.50, P < 0.001), increase the range of motion of cervical forward (SMD = 1.24, 95%CI 0.34 to 2.15, P = 0.007) and lateral (SMD = 1.52, 95%CI 0.40 to 2.65, P = 0.008) flexion, and improve the endurance of the deep cervical flexors (SMD = 1.02, 95%CI 0.10 to 1.94, P = 0.03) and position sense of the cervical spine (SMD = -1.00, 95%CI -1.47 to -0.53, P < 0.001); however, it was not significant in improving the range of motion of backward flexion (SMD = 0.85, 95%CI -1.04 to 2.75, P = 0.38) and rotation (SMD = 1.65, 95%CI -0.35 to 3.65, P = 0.11). Exercise therapy could also reduce the Neck Disability Index score (MD = -11.88, 95%CI -16.09 to -7.68, P < 0.001), and it was no significant in the Short-Form-36 score (MD = 19.04, 95%CI -3.00 to 41.08, P = 0.09).
Conclusion Exercise therapy can improve head posture, pain, motion of forward flexion and lateral flexion, endurance of the cervical flexors and joint position sense, and the overall function in patients with CNSNP. However, further researches are needed to verify the effects on cervical backward flexion and rotation, and quality of life.

Objective To systematically review the effect of high blood flow restriction training (BFRT) on patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).
Methods Relevant literature was searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang data, and VIP databases using subject term search methods from the inception to May 1st, 2024. The methodological quality of the included literatures was assessed using Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, and relevant data were extracted for systematic review.
Results A total of seven articles were finally included, involving 183 subjects from six countries. The intervention sites were mainly hospital rehabilitation departments and rehabilitation centers. The publication dates ranged from 2016 to 2023. In BFRT group, lower limbs were compressed during conventional rehabilitation training, with intermittent of 0.5 to 2 minutes or without deflation. BFRT would increase muscle strength, muscle hypertrophy, and improved knee joint function. Total duration of intervention and training intensity affected the improvement.
Conclusion High BFRT can improve the condition of the muscles around the knee joint and promote functional recovery after ACLR. To ensure the safety and effectiveness of the training, low-intensity strength training should be employed, with 15 to 30 repetitions per set, four to five sets per session, two to three sessions per week, and a total training duration of at least three weeks.

Objective To observe the effect of combination of partial body weight support and functional electrical stimulation on lower limb motor function for stroke patients.

Methods From January, 2023 to February, 2024, 60 stroke patients from Rehabilitation Hospital of Chancheng District People's Hospital in Foshan City were randomly divided into control group (n = 30) and observation group (n = 30). The control group received routine rehabilitation, while the observation group received a combination of celestial orbit system and functional electrical stimulation in addition, for three weeks. They were assessed with Balance assessment and training system, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremities (FMA-LE) and Holden Functional Ambulation Category (FAC) before and after treatment.

Results X-axis trajectory length, average speed of swaying, total wobble trajectory, Y-axis trajectory length, trajectory length per unit area, BBS score, FMA-LE score and FAC score improved in both groups after treatment (|t| > 4.809, P < 0.001); and all the indexes improved more in the observation group than in the control group (|t| > 2.268, P < 0.05), except X-axis trajectory length and average speed of swaying.

Conclusion Supplement of the combination of partial body weight support and functional electrical stimulation is more effective on lower limb motor function, balance and walking for stroke patients.

Objective To systematically review the benefits of digital empowerment technologies (DET) in promoting physical activity and health among children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD).

Methods Literature was retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO and CNKI, for randomized controlled trials (RCT) published from 2014 to 2023 on the application of DET in physical activity among children with IDD. The quality was assessed, and high-quality RCT was systematically reviewed.

Results Eight high-quality RCT were included, originating from four countries, namely China, the United States, Italy and South Korea, with 376 children with IDD, main published in the journals about intellectual disability applications, developmental disability research and clinical medicine, from 2018 to 2023. The children aged seven to 18 years, suffered from intellectual disabilities (including Down syndrome), autism and other developmental disabilities. The technologies could be summarized in wearable technology, cloud computing guided and monitored by mobile health, virtual reality and augmented reality, and active video gaming technologies. The devices involved active video games, Fitbit smart devices, Wii Fit balance games, Stepmania rhythm video games, Xbox Kinect system, VZFit sensors and CoTras cognitive rehabilitation computer games. The virtual physical activities included boxing, track and field, bowling, table tennis, beach volleyball, football, baseball, skiing, tennis, golf, darts, American football, shooting, jumping, jogging and jump rope; 20 to 45 minutes a time, one to five times a week, for four to twelve weeks. The interventions could be conducted in homes, special education schools and rehabilitation institutions. The health benefits mainly reflected in improved levels of physical activity, enhanced motor function and increased motor and daily life capacity.

Conclusion Application of DET in physical activity may increase the participation of children with IDD in virtual environments, schools, communities and rehabilitation institutions; improve upper and lower limb motor function, gross motor function, and muscle strength; enhance static balance, motor coordination and sensorimotor function; reduce the sedentary behavior; and improve cognitive, daily living skills and social abilities.

Objective To analyze the hotspots and frontiers of researches related to pain in Parkinson's disease.
Methods The literatures on pain in Parkinson's disease were retrieved from CNKI, VIP, Wanfang data, CBM and Web of Science Core Collection from inception to November, 2023, and were analyzed with CiteSpace 6.1.R6.
Results A total of 926 literatures were included with 293 in Chinese and 633 in English, respectively. Chinese high-frequency keywords were quality of life, sleep disorders and depression, while English high-frequency keywords were nonmotor symptom, quality of life and levodopa. The latest bursting word in Chinese was pathogenesis, while the latest bursting words in English were exercise and management.
Conclusion Number of researches related to pain in Parkinson's disease is gradually rising, and the characteristics, pathogenesis, quality of life, rehabilitation interventions and clinical efficacy have become research hotspots. The mechanism of pain in Parkinson's disease and rehabilitation management program will be the main research topics in the future.