脑性瘫痪并发言语障碍的诊断、评估与康复：基于WHO-FICs研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2022.06.003

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To discuss the diagnosis, assessment and rehabilitation for children with cerebral palsy complicated with speech disorder based on the tools of World Health Organization Family of International Classifications (WHO-FICs). Methods The diagnosis of speech disorder after cerebral palsy was classified using International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11). The disorders of speech function were classified using International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). A structured speech function rehabilitation solution was developed based on the International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHIβ-3). Results According to ICD-11, cerebral palsy was classified as 08 Neurological Disorder, which was further classified as 8D20.0 Spastic Unilateral Cerebral Palsy and 8D20.1 Spastic Bilateral Cerebral Palsy (8D20.10 Spastic Quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy and 8D20.11 Spastic Bilateral Cerebral Palsy), with the speech disorders involving 6A00 Disorders of Intellectual Development, 6A01 Developmental Speech or Language Disorders, MA80 Speech Disturbances, MA81 Speech Dysfluency and MA82 Voice Disturbances. For ICF, the speech disorders mainly involved s1 structures of the nervous system, s3 structures invoved in voice and speech, b3 voice and speech functions, d1 learning and applying knowledge, and environment and individual factors; and could be further classified as b310 voice functions, b320 articulation functions, and b330 fluency and rhythm of speech functions. Based on ICHIβ-3, a rehabilitation solution was developed, involving the areas of body structure and function, activity and participation, and environmental factors. Conclusion Based on ICD-11, ICF and ICHIβ-3, a methodological system of assessment and interventions for speech disorders after cerebral palsy has been systematically constructed, including diagnosis of disease, assessment, intervention and coding of speech disorder.

Key words: cerebral palsy, speech disorders, World Health Organization Family International Classifications, diagnosis, assessment, rehabilitation

CLC Number:

R742.3

GE Shengnan,WANG Yongli,YIN Minmin,WAN Qin,YANG Yaru,Lancy Lantin HUANG,HUANG Zhaoming. Diagnosis, assessment and rehabilitation of speech disorders after cerebral palsy using WHO-FICs[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2022, 28(6): 637-645.

Figures/Tables 4

ICD-11		ICF
08神经系统疾病：脑性瘫痪	言语异常相关并发症	ICF
8D20痉挛型脑瘫 8D20.0痉挛型单侧脑瘫 8D20.1痉挛型双侧脑瘫 8D20.10痉挛型四肢瘫脑瘫 8D20.11痉挛型双侧脑瘫 8D20.1Z其他,未特指的 8D20.Y其他特指的痉挛性脑瘫 8D20.Z未特指的痉挛性脑瘫 8D21不随意运动型脑瘫 8D22共济失调型脑瘫 8D23 Worster-Drought综合征 8D2Y其他特指的脑瘫 8D2Z未特指的脑瘫	6A00智力发育障碍 6A00.0智力发育障碍,轻度 6A00.1智力发育障碍,中度 6A00.2智力发育障碍,重度 6A00.3智力发育障碍,极重度 6A00.4智力发育障碍,暂时的	b117智力功能 b140-b189特殊精神功能 b3发声和言语功能 s1神经系统的结构 s3涉及发声和言语的结构基本学习涉及d130模仿、d135复述、d140学习阅读、d145学习写作、d150学习计算、d155掌握技能应用知识涉及d160集中注意力、d163思考、d166阅读、d170写作、d172计算、d175解决问题、d177做出决策, d3交流 e环境因素
	6A01发育性言语或语言障碍 6A01.0发育性语音障碍 6A01.1发育性言语流畅障碍 6A01.2发育性语言障碍 6A01.20伴感受性和表达性语言受损 6A01.21主要伴表达性语言受损 6A01.22主要伴语用语言受损	b3发声和言语功能 s3涉及发声和言语的结构 d135复述 d140学习阅读 d166阅读 d3交流 e环境因素
	MA80言语障碍 MA80.1语言困难和失语 MA80.2构音障碍 MA80.Y其他特指的言语障碍 MA80.Z未特指的言语障碍 MA81言语不流畅 MA82语音障碍 MA82.1发音困难 MA82.2鼻音	b3发声和言语功能 s3涉及发声和言语的结构 d135复述 d140学习阅读 d166阅读 d3交流 e环境因素
	AB50先天性听力障碍 AB51获得性听力障碍 AB52聋,其他方面未特指 AB53耳毒性听觉损失 AB55突发特发性听觉损失 AB57听觉突触或神经病变	b230听功能、b235前庭功能 b3发声和言语功能 s240 外耳的结构、s250 中耳的结构、s260 内耳的结构 s3涉及发声和言语的结构 d115听 d135复述 d140学习阅读 d166阅读 d3交流 e环境因素
	6B80神经性厌食 6B81神经性贪食 6B83回避-限制性摄食障碍 6B84异食癖 6B85反刍-反流障碍	b510摄入功能 s320口腔的结构、s330咽的结构、s340喉的结构 s510 涎腺的结构、s520 食道的结构 e环境因素

ICF		康复治疗方法	ICHIβ-3类目
b3发声和言语功能	b310发声功能	生理腹式呼吸训练最长声时训练提高/降低音调/响度训练音调/响度的稳定性训练气息式发音训练声带闭合能力训练口鼻分离训练持续正压通气训练	07对呼吸系统、发声和言语的干预 JU发声和言语	JUB.AM.ZZ观察发音功能 JUB.PG.ZZ协助和引导发音功能的训练 JUB.PH.ZZ训练发音功能 JUB.PM.ZZ发音功能教育 JUB.PN.ZZ发音功能建议 JUB.PP.ZZ发音功能咨询
	b320构音功能	口腔感知觉训练口部运动训练(下颌、唇、舌) 构音音位训练(诱导、习得、对比) 重读治疗训练连续语音训练		JUD.AM.ZZ观察构音功能 JUD.PG.ZZ协助和引导构音功能的训练 JUD.PH.ZZ训练构音功能 JUD.PM.ZZ构音功能教育 JUD.PN.ZZ构音功能建议 JUD.PP.ZZ构音功能咨询
	b330言语的流畅和节奏功能	逐字增加句长训练语速控制训练控制语调变化训练句尾语调上扬训练标记重音训练对比式重音训练		JUF.AM.ZZ观察韵律功能 JUF.PG.ZZ协助和引导韵律功能的训练 JUF.PH.ZZ训练韵律功能 JUF.PM.ZZ韵律功能教育 JUF.PN.ZZ韵律功能建议 JUF.PP.ZZ韵律功能咨询
d1学习和应用知识	d135复述	咿呀学语训练模仿复述训练	13学习和应用知识的干预	SBA.PH.ZZ训练复述 SBA.PG.ZZ协助和引导复述的训练
	d140学习阅读	词语认识训练词组认识训练句子认识训练短文认识训练		SBI.AM.ZZ观察学习阅读 SBI.PG.ZZ协助和引导学习阅读的训练 SBI.PH.ZZ训练学习阅读 SBI.PM.ZZ学习阅读的教育 SBI.PN.ZZ学习阅读的建议
	d166阅读	词语表达训练词组表达训练句子表达训练短文表达训练		SCF.PG.ZZ协助和引导阅读的训练 SCF.PH.ZZ训练阅读 SCF.PN.ZZ阅读的建议
d3交流	d330说	言语语言综合训练语言表达结合音节时长训练语言表达结合停顿起音训练语言表达结合音调变化训练语言表达结合响度变化训练	15交流的干预	SFA.AM.ZZ观察说 SFA.PH.ZZ训练说 SFA.PN.ZZ对说的建议 SFA.PP.ZZ对说的咨询
	d350交谈	陈述句的理解与表达训练疑问句的理解与表达训练 “提问-回答”范式训练		SGA.AM.ZZ交谈的观察 SGA.PH.ZZ交谈的训练 SGA.PN.ZZ交谈的建议 SGA.PP.ZZ交谈的咨询
	d360使用交流设备与技术	实时言语反馈训练辅助沟通训练		SGG.AM.ZZ使用交流设备与技术的观察 SGG.PH.ZZ使用交流设备与技术的训练 SGG.PM.ZZ使用交流设备与技术的教育 SGG.PN.ZZ使用交流设备与技术的建议
e环境	e1产品和技术 e2自然环境和对环境的人为改变 e3支持和相互联系 e4态度 e5服务、体制和政策	辅助沟通技术实时反馈技术(声波、基频、幅度、语谱图、共振峰等) 语音自反馈技术小组训练集体训练	22-UA对环境的干预:产品和技术 23-UB包括人类变化在内的对自然环境的干预 24-UC对环境的干预:支助和关系 25-UD对环境的干预:态度 26-UE环境干预:服务、系统、政策

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ICF		评估内容	汉语构音障碍检查	儿童综合检查-评估系统	汉语语音清晰度测试字表	Viking言语量表
b310发声功能	b3100发声	呼吸	呼吸方式、最长呼气时间、快呼气、呼吸次数	呼吸方式、最长声时、言语呼吸	-	在交谈过程中,从言语可懂性判断言语等级,分为4级,评估维度包括呼吸、发声、共鸣、构音等
	b3100发声	发声	最长声时、(主观)音调/音量匹配	(客观)音调、响度	-
	b3101音质	音质	(主观)嘶哑声、气息声、粗糙声、震颤	(客观)嘶哑声、气息声、粗糙声、震颤、电声门图(测试)声带闭合能力	-
	b3101音质	共鸣	硬腭触觉、对称性、鼻腔共鸣、口/鼻漏气	软腭运动、(客观)鼻腔共鸣、口腔聚焦位置、口/鼻漏气	-
b320构音功能		声母	23个声母	21个零声母及25项音位对比	转录100个音节
		韵母	24个韵母	13个韵母及10项音位对比	转录100个音节
		声调	-	4个声调及3项声调对比	-
		构音器官感知觉与运动	口面静止状态、口部肌肉、下颌/舌运动、反射	口部感觉、口部肌肉、唇/下颌/舌的静止及运动状态	-
b330言语的流畅和节奏功能	b3300言语流畅	流利、犹豫、重复	-	口腔轮替运动/连续语音的流利性	-
	b3301言语节奏	时长、停顿	-	停顿时长、异常停顿次数、发音时长	-
	b3302语速	语速	-	言语速率、构音速率、浊音速率	-
	b3303语调	语调、音调控制	-	语调变化	-

Diagnosis, assessment and rehabilitation of speech disorders after cerebral palsy using WHO-FICs

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