儿童身体活动与脑健康的认知神经科学研究技术范式与进展：Scoping综述

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2025.08.004

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To review cognitive neuroscience paradigms and advances in physical activity and brain health in children.

Methods A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, CNKI and Wanfang Data was conducted for randomized controlled trials, systematic review and meta-analysis investigating physical activity intervention for children's brain health, with publication during from inception to May, 2024. Data extraction and scoping review were performed, with literature quality assessed using PEDro scale and AMSTAR 2.

Results A total of six studies were included, involving 1 363 healthy children aged five to 16.8 years from China, the United States, New Zealand and Australia. The primary outcome measures included brain structure, brain function and neural network patterns assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Long-term structured physical activity was effective on children's brain health, including enhancing the integrity of white matter microstructure, optimizing task-related activation patterns in brain regions and improving the organizational properties of functional brain networks. Children who received physical activity interventions exhibited more refined and optimized developmental trends in their cortical neural circuit patterns.

Conclusion Physical activity can improve structure and function of the brains of children.

Key words: children, physical activity, exercise, brain health, cognitive neuroscience, neuroimaging, scoping review

CLC Number:

R493

YE Lü, CHEN Yuelin, LIU Yufei. Cognitive neuroscience paradigms and advances in physical activity and brain health in children: a scoping review[J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2025, 31(8): 889-895.

Figures/Tables 5

Table 1

Figure 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Basic characteristics of included literatures"

纳入文献	国家	研究类型	样本特征	干预	对照	结局指标	主要结局
Chaddock-Heyman等^[8](2020)	美国	RCT	健康儿童(n = 150)年龄：8~9岁	干预方式：课后综合体育活动(FITKids 2) 强度：中等~高频率：每次70 min，每周2次时间：9个月	空白对照、不同基线脑特征对照	大脑网络模式化(静息态fMRI)	基线大脑网络模式化程度越高的儿童，认知效率和数学成绩的改善越大
Chaddock-Heyman等^[13](2021)	美国	RCT	健康儿童(n = 115)年龄：8~9岁	同上	空白对照、不同基线脑特征对照	大脑网络模式化(静息态fMRI)、皮质厚度(T₁-MRI)	基线大脑网络模式化预测了干预后前额叶皮质和海马旁回皮质厚度变薄
Meijer等^[9](2022)	新西兰	RCT	健康儿童(n = 93) 年龄：7.4~11.4岁	干预方式：有氧运动(跑步、体能游戏)和认知要求型运动(团队游戏) 强度：中等~高频率：每次30 min，每周4次时间：14周	常规体育课组(每周2次)	白质微观结构(DTI)、静息态网络(fMRI)	14周的两种运动干预均未对儿童的大脑结构(白质)或静息态功能网络产生显著影响
Valkenborghs等^[3](2019)	澳大利亚	系统综述纳入研究：n = 9	儿童(n = 540) 年龄：8~11岁	干预方式：身体活动参与强度：中等~高频率：每次20~120 min，每周2~7次时间：3~9个月	空白对照、不同干预方案对照	大脑结构(额叶、顶叶、海马体、白质束)和功能(脑区激活)(MRI、fMRI、DTI)	身体活动可促进白质完整性和调节认知关键脑区的激活
Zhang等^[6](2024)	中国	Meta分析纳入研究：n = 13	儿童(n = 425) 年龄：8.9∼16.8岁	干预方式：持续性运动(如跑步、游泳、自行车)与可变性身体活动(如球类、操类、武术) 强度：中等~高频率：每次20~60 min，每周2~7次时间：11周~2年	空白对照、不同干预方案对照	额叶联络区激活(task-fMRI)	身体活动增强了额叶、顶叶、枕叶、边缘系统和小脑的激活，其中额叶联络区激活变化最为显著
Shen等^[14](2024)	中国	系统综述纳入研究：n = 29	健康人群(n = 664)，其中儿童(n = 40) 年龄：5~10岁	干预方式：急性与长期运动干预强度：中等~高频率：每次30~90 min，每周1~5次时间：1~16周	空白对照、不同干预方案对照	前额叶与运动皮质的氧合血红蛋白水平(fNIRS)	运动改善了前额叶和运动皮质的血氧水平，这与执行功能改善相关

Table 4

References 22

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纳入文献	纳入排除标准	随机分配	基线相似性	受试者盲法	评估人员盲法	结局随访完整性	意向性分析	组间统计比较	点估计值与变异性数据报告	总分
Chaddock-Heyman等^[8](2020)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	8
Chaddock-Heyman等^[13](2021)	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√	7
Meijer等^[9](2022)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	8

纳入文献	研究目的	检索策略	纳入排除标准	研究特征	研究质量	数据提取	统计分析	利益冲突声明	局限性	随机对照试验	敏感性分析	发表偏倚	数据综合	结果表述	结果解释	资金来源	总体质量
Valkenborghs等^[3](2019)	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	不适用	是	是	是	是	是	高
Shen等^[14](2024)	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	不适用	是	是	是	是	是	高
Zhang等^[6](2024)	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	高

Cognitive neuroscience paradigms and advances in physical activity and brain health in children: a scoping review

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