新颖启动模式对孤独症谱系障碍儿童发起要求行为的效果

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2025.02.002

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2025, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 136-140.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2025.02.002

新颖启动模式对孤独症谱系障碍儿童发起要求行为的效果

张观珠¹^,², 刘巧云¹(), 刘敏³, 张月新⁴, 徐恋⁴

1.华东师范大学康复科学系，上海市 200062
2.深圳市南山区龙苑学校，广东深圳市518000
3.南京特殊教育师范学院康复科学学院，江苏南京市 210038
4.嘉兴市阳光智障(孤独症)幼儿教育康复中心，浙江嘉兴市 314001

收稿日期:2024-10-11 修回日期:2025-01-17 出版日期:2025-02-25 发布日期:2025-02-25
通讯作者: 刘巧云，女，博士，教授，主要研究方向：儿童语言评估、发展与促进，E-mail： qyliu@spe.ecnu.edu.cn。
作者简介:张观珠(1998-)，女，汉族，福建三明市人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：孤独症儿童语言康复。

Effect of a novel initiation model on initiating behavioral requests in children with autism spectrum disorder

ZHANG Guanzhu¹^,², LIU Qiaoyun¹(), LIU Min³, ZHANG Yuexin⁴, XU Lian⁴

1. Department of Rehabilitation Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
2. Shenzhen Nanshan Longyuan School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
3. School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210038, China
4. Jiaxing Sunlight Intellectual Disability (autism) Early Childhood Education and Rehabilitation Center, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, China

Received:2024-10-11 Revised:2025-01-17 Published:2025-02-25 Online:2025-02-25
Contact: LIU Qiaoyun, E-mail: qyliu@spe.ecnu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探究新颖启动模式对孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童发起要求行为的影响。

方法 2022年11月至12月，嘉兴阳光康教园ASD儿童44例，根据语言能力分为前语言组(n = 23)和语言组(n = 21)，观察在新颖启动模式和常规启动模式下发起要求技能、发起要求行为类型和频次。

结果在新颖启动模式下，两组发起要求技能分(|t| > 2.794, P < 0.05)、发起要求行为类型分(|t| > 3.697, P < 0.01)均高于常规启动模式，使用双行为和三行为发起要求的频次增加(χ² > 7.986, P < 0.05)。

结论新颖启动模式可提升ASD儿童的发起要求技能。

关键词: 孤独症谱系障碍, 启动模式, 发起要求行为

Abstract:

Objective To explore the effect of a novel initiation model on initiating behavioral requests in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods From November to December, 2022, 44 children with ASD were selected from Jiaxing Sunlight Rehabilitation Kindergarten, and divided into prelinguistic group (n = 23) and linguistic group (n = 21) according to the language function. The initiation-requested skills, and types and frequency of initiation-requested behaviors were observed under the novel initiation model and the conventional initiation model.

Results Both the groups scored higher in the novel initiation model than in the conventional initiation model for initiation-requested skills (|t| > 2.794, P <0.05) and types of initiation-requested behaviors (|t| > 3.697, P <0.01), and it increased for the frequency of the use of two- and three-behavioral initiation of requests (χ² > 7.986, P <0.05).

Conclusion The novel initiation model can improve initiation request skills in children with ASD.

Key words: autism spectrum disorder, initiation model, initiating behavioral requests

中图分类号:

R749.93

张观珠, 刘巧云, 刘敏, 张月新, 徐恋. 新颖启动模式对孤独症谱系障碍儿童发起要求行为的效果[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2025, 31(2): 136-140.

ZHANG Guanzhu, LIU Qiaoyun, LIU Min, ZHANG Yuexin, XU Lian. Effect of a novel initiation model on initiating behavioral requests in children with autism spectrum disorder[J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2025, 31(2): 136-140.

图/表 5

表1

表2

表3

两组在两种启动模式下IBR分比较"

语言水平	n	启动模式	$x - ± s$	t值	P值
前语言组	23	常规启动	6.43±3.03	-6.839	< 0.001
		新颖启动	10.70±4.40
语言组	21	常规启动	12.05±6.16	-2.794	0.011
		新颖启动	14.71±6.08

表3

表4

两组在两种启动模式下各行为IBR分比较"

语言水平	n	行为	启动模式	$x - ± s$	t值	P值
前语言组	23	眼神	常规启动	1.22±1.65	-5.737	< 0.001
			新颖启动	2.65±1.75
		手势	常规启动	3.78±1.44	-5.721	< 0.001
			新颖启动	4.96±1.26
		发声^a	常规启动	1.43±1.65	-5.150	< 0.001
			新颖启动	3.35±2.53
语言组	21	眼神	常规启动	1.71±1.71	-3.697	0.001
			新颖启动	2.57±2.38
		手势	常规启动	3.24±1.58	-1.251	0.225
			新颖启动	3.62±1.80
		发声^a	常规启动	6.62±4.40	-3.869	0.001
			新颖启动	8.57±4.15

表4

表5

参考文献 30

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组别	n	性别(男/女)/n	月龄/月	词语理解分	词语命名
前语言组	23	20/3	74±12	0(0, 11)	0(0, 0)
语言组	21	17/4	78±9	20(13, 26)	18(11, 32)

玩具	常规启动模式	新颖启动模式
泡泡水	在桌面上向儿童展示吹泡泡	与儿童一起抓泡泡
积木	在桌面上向儿童展示搭积木	与儿童一起将积木推倒
玩具车	在桌面上向儿童展示车开走	将车开到儿童双侧上肢
触觉球	在桌面上向儿童展示滚球	与儿童轮流抛球
投币猪	在桌面上向儿童展示将硬币投入玩具中	研究者向儿童抛出硬币，由儿童将硬币投入玩具中
玩具青蛙	在桌面上向儿童展示青蛙跳	将青蛙跳到儿童身体的不同部位，如手、头、膝盖等

新颖启动模式对孤独症谱系障碍儿童发起要求行为的效果

Effect of a novel initiation model on initiating behavioral requests in children with autism spectrum disorder

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行为类型	前语言组(n = 23)		语言组(n = 21)
行为类型	常规启动	新颖启动	常规启动	新颖启动
单行为	65	35	26	19
双行为	28	42	49	54
三行为	8	42	17	31
无反应	37	19	34	22
χ²值	40.706		7.986
P值	< 0.001		0.046

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