《中国康复理论与实践》

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2025, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (9): 1092-1100.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2025.09.013

• 辅助技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

轮椅坐垫评估-适配-评价方法构建

魏晨婧(), 段金娟, 丛燕, 孙凤娇, 蔡红波   

  1. 民政职业大学， 北京市 102600
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-09 修回日期:2025-09-01 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-10-10
  • 通讯作者: 魏晨婧，E-mail： 390702133@qq.com
  • 作者简介:魏晨婧(1985-)，女，汉族，江苏无锡市人，硕士，副教授，主要研究方向：康复辅助器具。
  • 基金资助:
    1.中央高校基本科研业务费资助民政领域科技创新与应用研究中心课题(JBKYKJCX2024-12);2.中国残联课题残疾人辅助器具专项(2024CDPFAT-05)

Development of an assessment-adaptation-evaluation framework for wheelchair cushions

WEI Chenjing(), DUAN Jinjuan, CONG Yan, SUN Fengjiao, CAI Hongbo   

  1. China Civil Affairs University, Beijing 102600, China
  • Received:2025-06-09 Revised:2025-09-01 Published:2025-09-25 Online:2025-10-10
  • Contact: WEI Chenjing, E-mail: 390702133@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities on Science and Technology Innovation and Application Research in Civil Affairs(JBKYKJCX2024-12);Special Project on Assistive Devices for Persons with Disabilities under the China Disabled Persons' Federation(2024CDPFAT-05)

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摘要：

目的 构建一套系统、科学的轮椅坐垫评估-适配-评价方法。

方法 采用文献回顾、质性访谈和德尔菲专家函询相结合的方法。首先，通过系统文献检索筛选27篇相关研究，全面梳理轮椅坐垫类型、性能指标、评估适配要素及评价方法。其次，对24名轮椅使用者和6名辅具技术人员进行半结构化访谈，并依据Colaizzi现象学分析法提炼主题，深入挖掘用户需求和技术人员实践经验。基于文献和访谈结果，研究小组讨论形成包含评估表、适配流程表和效果评价表的初步方案。最后，邀请20名跨学科专家进行两轮德尔菲函询，采用Likert 5级评分法评估条目重要性，并通过肯德尔和谐系数和变异系数分析专家意见一致性，并结合重要性均分、满分频率等指标筛选条目和修订方案。

结果 两轮函询的专家积极性和权威性较高，问卷回收率100%，权威系数0.90。最终形成的方案包括评估表(4个一级条目，21个二级条目)、适配流程表(2个一级条目，8个二级条目)和效果评价表(2个一级条目，15个二级条目)。专家函询肯德尔和谐系数为0.20 (P < 0.05)，重要性均分为(4.48±0.72)，变异系数为(0.15±0.05)，满分率(60.80±16.39)%，意见趋于一致。

结论 本研究构建的轮椅坐垫评估-适配-评价方法具有科学性、全面性和可操作性，可为临床个性化适配提供标准化工具。未来研究需结合智能传感技术优化动态评价，并针对不同临床服务场景进一步验证和调适方案。

关键词: 轮椅坐垫, 压力性损伤, 评估-适配-评价

Abstract:

Objective To develop a systematic and scientific assessment-adaptation-evaluation framework for wheelchair cushions.

Methods A mixed-methods approach integrating literature review, qualitative interviews and Delphi expert consultation was employed. First, 27 relevant studies were identified through systematic literature searches, comprehensively synthesizing wheelchair cushion types, performance indicators, key assessment/adaptation elements and evaluation methods. Second, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 wheelchair users and six assistive technology specialists. Interview transcripts were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis to extract themes and deeply explore user needs and practitioner experiences. Based on the literature and interview findings, the research team developed a preliminary protocol comprising an assessment form, an adaptation process table and an effectiveness evaluation form. Finally, 20 multidisciplinary experts participated in a two-round Delphi consultation. Experts rated the importance of items using a 5-point Likert scale. Consensus was analyzed using Kendall's W coefficient and the coefficient of variation (CV), supplemented by mean importance scores and full-score frequency to refine the protocol.

Results The consultation demonstrated excellent expert engagement (100% response rate) and strong authority (Cr = 0.90). The finalized protocol comprised of an assessment form (four primary domains/21 secondary items), an adaptation protocol (two primary domains/eight secondary items) and an evaluation form (two primary domains/15 secondary items). Statistical analysis revealed Kendall's W = 0.20 (P < 0.05), mean importance scores of (4.48±0.72), CV = (0.15±0.05), and full-score frequency of (60.80±16.39)%, indicating acceptable consensus.

Conclusion The assessment-adaptation-evaluation method for wheelchair cushions constructed in this study is scientific, comprehensive and operable, and can provide a standardized tool for clinical personalized adaptation. Future studies should enhance the applicability of the method in diverse clinical settings.

Key words: wheelchair cushion, pressure injury, assessment-adaptation-evaluation

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