Abstract: Bladder pain syndrome (BPS) is a chronic disease characterized by urinary symptoms and pain in or around the bladder with uncertain reasons. The incidence of BPS is higher in the female and people in American and Europen countries. The BPS patients' quality of life has been damaged and a new disabled group has been formed. The pathogeneses of BPS include pathogens inducing inflammation, chronic ischemia and ischemia- reperfusion injury producing degeneration in bladder, lower urinary epithelium dysfunction, apoptosis in bladder tissue, epigenetic reprogramming, abnormal intracellular signaling pathway, pain regulating dysfunctioning, and autophagy inhibited. There is no identified diagnosis for BPS. Cystoscopy, urodynamia, and biomarks in blood or urine are helpful in diagnosis. Diet, psychological intervention, oral medicine, intravesical therapy, nerve blocking and nerve stimulation, and surgeries have been used for it, but the efficacy remains unsatisfied.

Key words: bladder pain syndrome, disability, epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, therapy, review