基于足核心系统的足部功能增强研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2020.10.011

Abstract

Abstract:

Foot core system comprises active subsystem, passive subsystem and neural subsystem, which complement each other and provide different function for foot. Insufficient foot function (weak muscle strength, hypoesthesia of foot) is an important cause of foot injury, and aging, obesity and abnormal foot type are also possible factors of foot injury. At present, special foot strength enhancement methods, minimalist shoes training, and even the means of muscle/brain stimulation, can strengthen the intrinsic muscle strength of foot, improve the stability of the foot, increase the plantar sensory inputs, thereby enhance the core system, raise the foot function performance, and prevent sports injury.

Key words: foot core system, foot function, intrinsic foot muscle, muscle strength, minimal shoe training

CLC Number:

XIAO Song-lin,ZHANG Xi-ni,SUN Xiao-le,FU Wei-jie. Advance in Foot Function Enhancement Based on Foot Core System (review)[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2020, 26(10): 1186-1192.

Figures/Tables 4

纳入文献	n	受试者及分组情况	干预手段	实验设计	实验结果
纳入文献	n	受试者及分组情况	干预手段	实验设计	形态变化	功能变化
Fraser等^[9] (2019)	23	均为成年人。干预组中,男性6例,女性5例,平均(23.6±6.6)岁;对照组中男性6例,女性6例,平均(19.6±1.6)岁	足内在肌渐进性训练	干预组进行脚趾伸展、拇趾伸展和小脚趾伸展训练,每周3次,共4周		训练后,脚趾伸展的运动表现显著改善,脚趾伸展、拇趾伸展和小脚趾伸展运动中的感知显著提升
Okamura等^[13] (2018)	20	均为青年。电刺激组中,男性10例,平均(21.2±1.2)岁;对照组中,男性10例,平均(20.5±1.6)岁	电刺激	步行中对足底内层肌肉进行电刺激以模拟肌肉激活增强		电刺激后,在步态站立期间足舟骨高度达到最小值的时间延迟,垂直地面反作用力显著减小
Kobayashi等^[14] (2016)	56	均为老年人。实验组男性17例,平均(73±5)岁,女性15例,平均(70 ±7岁);对照组中男性14例,平均(72±5)岁,女性10例,平均(70±5)岁	快速力量训练	实验组进行足底屈肌爆炸式力量训练,训练包括3组10次重复的快速跖屈,每周2~4次,共4周		训练后,足底屈肌最大自主收缩力矩显著增加,跖屈力矩变化速率显著增加
Hashimoto等^[15] (2014)	12	均为男性健康青年,平均(29±5)岁	力量训练	受试者进行所有脚趾指间关节和跖趾关节负重3 kg屈曲训练,每天200次,每周2次,共8周	训练后,左侧和右侧足纵弓长度和横弓长度(静态站立位置)下降	训练后,足屈肌群力量增加;左右单腿长跳远距离和垂直跳跃高度增加;50 m短跑时间缩短
Mulligan等^[16] (2013)	21	均为成年人,其中男性3例,女性18例,平均(26.1±3.7)岁	短足训练	受试者进行短足训练,每次30个,每个持续5 s,每天3 min,共4周	训练后,足舟骨高度在第4周平均下降1.8 mm,在第8周平均下降2.2 mm;足弓指数从28%增加到29%	训练后,完成功能平衡任务和伸展任务有显著改善
Lynn等^[17] (2012)	24	均为成年人。短足训练组男性3例,女性5例,平均(23.7±2.1)岁;卷毛巾训练组男性4例,女性4例,平均(22.8±1.2)岁;控制组男性3例,女性5例,平均(22.6±1.7)岁	短足训练;卷毛巾训练	两组分别进行短足训练和卷毛巾训练,每天100个,每个持续5 s,共4周		训练后,动态平衡试验中两组在内侧方向上的压力中心(COP)的运动量减少5 mm;与卷毛巾训练组相比,短足训练组非优势肢体的COP运动显著减少更多
Taddei等^[18] (2018)	31	均为业余跑者。对照组男性15例,平均(44.8±8.7)岁;干预组男性16例,平均(39.4±8.5)岁	肌力训练结合康复训练	干预组进行肌力训练结合康复训练,对照组进行拉伸运动,每周2次,共8周	训练后,受试者拇外展肌和趾短屈肌的横截面积显著增加

References 45

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文献	n	受试者及分组情况	鞋条件	实验设计	实验结果
文献	n	受试者及分组情况	鞋条件	实验设计	形态变化	功能变化
Ebrecht 等^[19] (2018)	74	均为青年人,其中男性37例,女性37例,平均(25.3±7.2)岁。电刺激组19例,极简鞋组40例,对照组15例	神经肌肉电刺激;极简鞋	电刺激组进行拇外展肌最适电刺激,刺激强度逐渐递增,每周2次;极简鞋组进行自选强度的跑步训练。每周2次,共8周	训练后,极简鞋组足底肌肉横截面积增加16.3%
张希妮等^[20] (2019)	17	前掌跑训练组男性9例,平均(33.4±6.4)岁;极简跑鞋组男性8例,平均(27.4±5.9)岁	极简鞋	前掌跑训练组穿着极简鞋进行跑姿转换训练,每周3次,周跑量不变,干预训练量逐周递增;极简鞋组穿着极简鞋以原有的跑步方式进行跑步训练。每周3次,共12周		训练后,两组跟腱力、跟腱力峰值、应力和应变均显著增加;前掌跑训练组跟腱力峰值显著高于极简跑鞋组
Chen等^[10] (2016)	38	传统跑鞋组中,男性10例,女性8例,平均(35.0±5.4)岁;极简鞋组中男性11例,女性9例,平均(34.6±6.6)岁	传统鞋;极简鞋	两组分别穿传统跑鞋和极简鞋进行训练,以日常训练量为准,共6个月	训练后,极简鞋组腿部和足部肌肉面积显著增大
Miller等^[21] (2014)	33	传统跑鞋组16例,平均(29.9±5.5)岁;极简鞋组17例,平均(30.5±4.0)岁	传统鞋;极简鞋	两组分别穿传统鞋或极简鞋进行跑步训练,每周5次,共12周	传统跑鞋组和极简鞋组趾短屈肌体积分别增大11%和21%;极简鞋组最小外展肌面积和体积分别增加18%和22%,并且足弓刚度增加60%

Advance in Foot Function Enhancement Based on Foot Core System (review)

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