《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》 ›› 2020, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (10): 1209-1216.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2020.10.015
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LIU Hong-wei1,2,LI Jian-jun1,2(),YANG Ming-liang1,2,ZHANG Xin2,SHEN Min-xin2,GAO Feng1,2,QIN Chuan2
Received:
2020-01-10
Revised:
2020-02-28
Published:
2020-10-25
Online:
2020-10-29
Contact:
LI Jian-jun
E-mail:crrc100@163.com
Supported by:
CLC Number:
LIU Hong-wei,LI Jian-jun,YANG Ming-liang,ZHANG Xin,SHEN Min-xin,GAO Feng,QIN Chuan. Analysis of Sports Injuries from Winter Olympic and Winter Youth Olympic Games[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2020, 26(10): 1209-1216.
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比赛项目 | 2010冬奥会 | 2012冬青奥会 | 2014冬奥会 | 合计 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 损伤数 | 损伤率(%) | n | 损伤数 | 损伤率(%) | n | 损伤数 | 损伤率(%) | n | 损伤数 | 损伤率(%) | |
冰上运动 | 1289 | 169 | 13.1 | 550 | 54 | 9.8 | 1324 | 146 | 11.0 | 3163 | 369 | 11.7 |
冰壶 | 100 | 4 | 4.0 | 64 | 2 | 3.1 | 100 | 12 | 12.0 | 264 | 18 | 6.8 |
冰球 | 444 | 82 | 18.5 | 199 | 26 | 13.1 | 466 | 52 | 11.2 | 1109 | 160 | 14.4 |
花样滑冰 | 146 | 21 | 14.4 | 66 | 8 | 12.1 | 149 | 20 | 13.4 | 361 | 49 | 13.6 |
短道速滑 | 109 | 20 | 18.3 | 31 | 2 | 6.5 | 106 | 9 | 8.5 | 246 | 31 | 12.6 |
速度滑冰 | 176 | 5 | 2.8 | 56 | 5 | 8.9 | 177 | 8 | 4.5 | 409 | 18 | 4.4 |
雪车 | 159 | 32 | 20.1 | 36 | 3 | 8.3 | 171 | 31 | 18.1 | 366 | 66 | 18.0 |
雪橇 | 108 | 2 | 1.9 | 70 | 4 | 5.7 | 108 | 9 | 8.3 | 286 | 15 | 5.2 |
钢架雪车 | 47 | 3 | 6.4 | 28 | 1 | 3.6 | 47 | 5 | 10.6 | 122 | 9 | 7.4 |
雪上运动 | 1278 | 118 | 9.2 | 465 | 60 | 12.9 | 1464 | 242 | 16.5 | 3207 | 420 | 13.1 |
高山滑雪 | 308 | 46 | 14.9 | 120 | 17 | 14.2 | 314 | 65 | 20.7 | 742 | 128 | 17.3 |
自由式滑雪 | 172 | 23 | 13.4 | 52 | 15 | 28.8 | 262 | 72 | 27.5 | 486 | 110 | 22.6 |
空中技巧 | 47 | 9 | 19.1 | - | - | - | 43 | 21 | 48.8 | - | - | - |
U型场地技巧 | - | - | - | 23 | 10 | 43.5 | 51 | 13 | 25.5 | - | - | - |
雪上技巧 | 57 | 1 | 1.8 | - | - | - | 57 | 14 | 24.6 | - | - | - |
障碍追逐 | 68 | 13 | 19.1 | 29 | 5 | 17.2 | 59 | 8 | 13.6 | - | - | - |
坡面障碍技巧 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 52 | 16 | 30.8 | - | - | - |
单板滑雪 | 185 | 33 | 17.8 | 50 | 21 | 42.0 | 237 | 59 | 24.8 | 472 | 113 | 23.9 |
U型场地技巧 | 69 | 9 | 13.0 | - | - | - | 66 | 12 | 18.2 | - | - | - |
坡面障碍技巧 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 46 | 17 | 37.0 | - | - | - |
障碍追逐 | 57 | 20 | 35.1 | - | - | - | 61 | 21 | 34.4 | - | - | - |
回转 | 59 | 4 | 6.8 | - | - | - | 64 | 9 | 14.1 | - | - | - |
冬季两项 | 202 | 3 | 1.5 | 99 | 1 | 1.0 | 204 | 14 | 6.9 | 505 | 18 | 3.6 |
越野滑雪 | 292 | 9 | 3.1 | 90 | 5 | 5.6 | 297 | 23 | 7.7 | 679 | 37 | 5.4 |
北欧两项 | 52 | 1 | 1.9 | 17 | 1 | 5.9 | 54 | 2 | 7.7 | 123 | 4 | 3.3 |
跳台滑雪 | 67 | 3 | 4.5 | 37 | - | - | 96 | 7 | 7.3 | 200 | 10 | 5.0 |
合计 | 2567 | 287 | 11.2 | 1015 | 111 | 10.9 | 2788 | 391a | 14.0 | 6370 | 789 | 12.4 |
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损伤部位 | 2010冬奥会 | 2012冬青奥会 | n(%) |
---|---|---|---|
面部(包括眼、耳、鼻) | 13 | 2 | 15(3.8) |
头部 | 30 | 11 | 41(10.3) |
颈椎/颈部 | 16 | 1 | 17(4.3) |
胸椎/背部 | 10 | 6 | 16(4.0) |
胸骨/肋骨 | 5 | 3 | 8(2.0) |
腰椎/腰部 | 16 | 11 | 27(6.8) |
腹部 | 5 | - | 5(1.3) |
骨盆/骶骨/臀部 | 11 | 12 | 23(5.8) |
锁骨/肩部 | 15 | 10 | 25(6.3) |
上臂 | 3 | - | 3(0.8) |
肘部 | 9 | 2 | 11(2.8) |
前臂 | 3 | 3 | 6(1.5) |
腕部 | 14 | 2 | 16(4.0) |
手掌 | 9 | 4 | 13(3.3) |
手指 | 8 | 3 | 11(2.8) |
拇指 | - | 1 | 1(0.3) |
髋部 | 11 | 2 | 13(3.3) |
腹股沟 | 3 | 2 | 5(1.3) |
大腿 | 20 | 4 | 24(6.0) |
膝部 | 39 | 15 | 54(13.6) |
小腿 | 18 | 7 | 25(6.3) |
跟腱 | 3 | - | 3(0.8) |
踝部 | 16 | 3 | 19(4.8) |
脚/脚趾 | 8 | 6 | 14(3.5) |
实际损伤数 | 287a | 111b |
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损伤类型 | 2010冬奥会 | 2012冬青奥会 | n(%) |
---|---|---|---|
脑震荡 | 20 | 8 | 28(7.0) |
骨折(创伤性、应力性或其它骨损伤) | 19 | 5 | 24(6.0) |
扭伤(脱位/半脱位或韧带断裂) | 51 | 20 | 71(17.8) |
拉伤(肌肉断裂/撕裂或肌腱断裂) | 36 | 11 | 47(11.8) |
半月板、软骨损伤 | 4 | - | 4(1.0) |
挫伤/血肿、擦伤 | 80 | 43 | 123(30.9) |
肌腱炎、肌腱病 | 16 | 2 | 18(4.5) |
关节炎、滑膜炎、黏液囊炎 | 3 | 2 | 5(1.3) |
撞击综合征 | 3 | 1 | 4(1.0) |
裂伤、磨损、皮肤病变 | 25 | 2 | 27(6.8) |
牙齿损伤、断牙 | 3 | 1 | 4(1.0) |
肌肉痉挛 | 8 | 8 | 16(4.0) |
其他(包括神经、脊髓,筋膜炎) | 14 | 7 | 21(5.3) |
实际损伤数 | 287a | 111b |
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