体育活动融入现代健康服务体系的政策架构与方法体系

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2021.08.002

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To explore the theory and methods of integrating sports into modern health service systems. Methods Based on the theory of World Health Organization modern health service systems and the policy guideline Rehabilitation in Health Service Systems, we analyzed how to promote the integration of sports into modern health service systems in six areas: leadership and governance capacity, financing, health human resources, service delivery, medical technology and health information systems, systematically analyzed the key elements and requirements for integrating physical education and sports into the health service system in the four segments of the health service continuum: prevention, intervention, rehabilitation and health promotion. Results The goal of building a human-centered, cross-sectoral and multidisciplinary health service system was proposed, requiring the promotion of the integration of medicine and sports, the use of sports intervention as a method of health intervention, the development of service technologies and standards for the integration of sports and health; the training of professionals who master sports intervention and sports rehabilitation, and the development of information systems to promote the development of the integration of sports and health services. Conclusion Sports is an important mean of health and an important part of modern health services. Starting from the components of the health service system, we can build a theoretical and methodological system for integrating sports into the modern health service system, so as to promote the realization of a health service system covering the whole population and the whole life cycle, achieve the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goal 3: ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages; and realize the goals related to "Healthy China".

Key words: health service system, physical education, sport and health, continuum of health service

QIU Fu-bing,QIU Zhuo-ying,WANG Guo-xiang,LU Yan,TANG Xiu-qi,HAO Chuan-ping,QIU Fen,LI An-qiao,GENG Yu-dong,YU Li-ya,MO Shi-wei,LIU Hao. Policy Framework and Methodological System of Inclusive Development of Health Service System and Physical Activity[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2021, 27(8): 881-888.

Figures/Tables 3

分类	政策	内容分析
国际政策	联合国《2030年可持续发展议程》	目标三：“确保健康的生活方式,促进各年龄段人群的福祉”。即实现全民健康保障,包括提供金融风险保护,人人享有优质的基本保健服务,人人获得安全、有效、优质和负担得起的基本药品和疫苗。
	世界卫生组织欧洲区《身体活动对实现SDG的的意义与作用》	(SDG3.4)体育活动有助于降低非传染性疾病的过早死亡率,包括2型糖尿病、心血管疾病、高血压和多种癌症;有利于促进心理健康和福祉,降低患痴呆症等精神疾病的风险,减轻抑郁和压力症状; (SDG3.8)实现全民健康覆盖,将体育作为常规初级保健服务的一部分,提供体育活动咨询和转诊,以预防和控制非传染性疾病; (SDG3.9)通过体育活动减少环境污染和污染造成的死亡和疾病数量,减少污染的总体负面影响^[7]。
	世界卫生组织《2018-2030年促进身体活动全球行动计划：加强身体活动,造就健康世界》	1.身体活动应该纳入人们生活环境中,体育活动应融入健康服务体系;可以利用身体作为提高康复和恢复率的手段; 2.将体育活动作为健康服务体系的重要组成部分,将体育融入健康服务;培养热爱活动的人群;建立支持活动的系统。
国内政策	《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》	1.把健康摆在优先发展的战略地位,促进健康理念融入公共卫生政策的制定与实施;推动体育与健康加速融合;将健康政策作为所有政策之首; 2.加快推进体育融入健康服务体系,调整健康产业的结构并丰富其内涵; 3.完善健康制度体系,提高健康服务质量和健康保障水平,保证健康服务的可及性与公平性; 4.加强健康教育;引导合理膳食,注重营养;促进重点人群体育活动; 5.加快推进基本卫生服务全民覆盖,发展体育健康服务; 6.健全医疗保障体系,将体育健康服务纳入医保范围; 7.将体育健康服务业作为健康产业的重要组成部分,大力发展体育产业; 8.体制机制改革,加快将健康融入所有政策的制定与实施;加强健康人力资源建设;推动健康科技创新;推进体育健康服务体系的现代化。
	《全民健身计划纲要(2016-2020)》	1.将体育作为健康服务的重要领域,完善全民健身公共服务体系,促进其现代化; 2.开展全民健身活动,提供场地设施及活动供给; 3.加大筹资力度,完善全民健身机制; 4.加强全民健身人才队伍建设; 5.完善法律政策保障,确保体育-健康服务连续体各个环节顺利实施。
	《全民健康生活方式行动方案(2017-2025年)》	1.作为实施《健康中国2030》配套政策方案; 2.动员社会资源,激活市场; 3.倡导践行健康生活方式; 4.加强健康教育,培养良好的健康社会氛围。
	《关于促进健康服务业发展的若干意见》	1.将体育活动纳入健康服务体系,体育活动是健康相关服务的组成部分,构建了大健康服务的政策架构和健康服务的体系; 2.大力发展医疗服务的同时发展康复和养老服务业,积极发展多元健康服务产业; 3.积极发展健康保险。

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卫生健康服务系统的六个组成部分	康复服务组成部分	体育融入健康服务体系
领导力与治理能力	•针对康复问题的法律、政策、规划和战略 •针对康复问题的治理结构、监管机制和问责制流程 •为康复制定规划、协作和协调康复过程	1.建立融合体育活动的大健康国家战略 2.确定相关部门的监管机制和问责制流程
筹资	•保障健康支出中康复服务的支出 •包括康复在内的卫生健康筹资和支付结构	1.保证体育活动在健康服务体系中的支出 2.投资引导体育健康服务
健康人力资源	•大力发展健康人力资源	培养体育与健康专业人力资源
服务提供	•提供康复干预的卫生健康服务	提供健康服务机构(医疗机构)、健康相关服务机构(康复机构、建设机构)、教育机构(学校)以及职业机构(工厂、公司)
医药技术	•康复者常用的药品和技术,特别是辅助产品	1.软条件：开具个别化运动处方、医学专业指导 2.硬条件：促进健康装置、体育活动场地的建设
康复信息系统	•利用卫生健康信息系统中与康复相关的数据 •与康复政策和项目相关的研究	1.建立体育与健康融合数据库 2.利用互联网平台加速康复 3.利用可穿戴智能设备连接相关机构,进行远程指导、实时监控

Policy Framework and Methodological System of Inclusive Development of Health Service System and Physical Activity

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