儿童轮椅的临床应用研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2021.09.009

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To systematically review the effectiveness of pediatric wheelchairs on the function of children with disabilities.Methods Literatures about clinical application of pediatric wheelchairs were researched from the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, EBSCO (CINAHL), CNKI, Wanfang Database and VIP Database, till February, 2021. The clinical application effectiveness of pediatric wheelchairs was extracted and analyzed by inductive approach.Results A total of ten case studies, one randomized controlled study and one cohort study were included, and quality assessment showed low quality. There were different types of pediatric wheelchairs for all ages over twelve months and different disease types of children, mostly for cerebral palsy. The review showed that pediatric wheelchairs mainly improved the motor function of disabled children, promoted the development of cognitive functions, and improved activities and participation abilities. The wheelchairs could be individually adapted to manual wheelchairs, electric wheelchairs and smart wheelchairs, according to the individual conditions of the children, with additional postural support devices for adaptive transformation.Conclusion Pediatric wheelchairs can be used to improve the function and quality of life of children with disabilities. Although functional rehabilitation effects of pediatric wheelchairs have shown a promising trend, most of the current studies are case reports, and there is a lack of high-quality clinical control studies, and the unified adaptation standard has not been established yet.

Key words: children, assistive devices, wheelchair, rehabilitation, review

SHEN Jie,ZHOU Xuan,DU Qing. Clinical Advance in Pediatric Wheelchair (review)[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2021, 27(9): 1059-1065.

Figures/Tables 3

研究	国家	研究类型	疾病类型(n)	年龄(岁)	轮椅类型	康复功能结局指标	轮椅参数
Jones等^[13](2012)	美国	随机对照研究	试验组：脑瘫(8)、侏儒症(1)、先天性肌病(1)、脑积水(1)、肌强直性营养不良(1)、四肢短肢畸形(1)、关节挛缩(1) 对照组：脑瘫(9)、先天性肌病(2)、第四脑室孔闭塞综合征(1)、发育不良(1)、早衰症(1)	1.8±0.4	电动轮椅	①巴特尔发展量表;②儿童生活功能量表;③早期适应量表	-
Rispin等^[14](2014)	美国	病例报道	脊柱裂/脑积水(13)、四肢先天性畸形(5)、骨质下降(2)、脑瘫(2)、马蹄内翻足(1)、肌营养不良(1)	10.5±2.2	手动轮椅	①六分钟移动距离;②“8”字环绕测试;③生理耗能指数	刚性轮椅架、后轮胎直径56 cm、宽5 cm
Ceres等^[15] (2005)	西班牙	病例报道	智力发育落后(5)	5.0±0.6	智能轮椅	①压力测试;②躲避障碍物测试	轮椅支架8 mm,坐垫承重60 kg
Cimolin等^[16] (2013)	意大利	病例报道	痉挛型双瘫(7)、痉挛型四肢瘫(10)、颅脑损伤(3)	7.0±2.4	手动轮椅	①坐位稳定性;②关节活动度：躯干屈曲、膝关节活动	座椅靠背角度 100°,腿踏板角度120°,2点/4点骨盆带
Rammer等^[17] (2019)	美国	病例报道	脊柱裂(4)、脑瘫(5)、腓骨肌萎缩症(1)	12.6±3.5	手动轮椅	①空间移动、轮椅推进测试;②关节活动度	-
Zhang等^[18] (2019)	加拿大	队列研究	健康儿童(26)	13.2±3.6	智能轮椅	①耐受性测试;②操作能力检查	-
Winkler等^[19] (2016)	美国	病例报道	脑瘫(1)、先天性心脏病(1)	-	智能轮椅	操作能力检查	-
Bottos等^[20] (2001)	意大利	病例报道	脑瘫(29)	3~8	电动轮椅	①雷特国际操作量表;②Peabody言语发育量表 ③粗大运动功能测试;④加拿大作业表现测量表;⑤Furumasu驾驶测试;⑥儿童疾病影响量表;⑦访谈	-
Meiser等^[21] (2007)	美国	病例报道	脊柱裂(2)	-	手动轮椅	①轮椅行进速度距离;②能量消耗指数;③感知疲劳程度;④接受度调查	-
Zondervan等^[22] (2015)	美国	病例报道	脑瘫(8)	-	智能轮椅	①反应力;②视觉空间感知	Kinect-轮椅接口控制改造
Vorster等^[23] (2019)	澳大利亚	病例报道	杜氏肌营养不良(12)	11.6±2.2	电动轮椅	①独立性;②身体活动;③情感情绪;④舒适与疲劳管理;⑤疼痛;⑥社会参与	-
McGarry等^[24] (2012)	澳大利亚	病例报道	脑瘫(4)	5~13	智能轮椅	①操作能力;②社会心理	-

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Clinical Advance in Pediatric Wheelchair (review)

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