《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》 ›› 2021, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (10): 1144-1151.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2021.10.004
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CHEN Yu-qian1,2,SUN Mei1,2,3(),LÜ Jun1,2,3,QIU Fu-bing4,QIU Fen5,LI An-qiao6,7,XIA Cong1,2,ZHENG Hong-ying1,2
Received:
2021-08-20
Revised:
2021-08-30
Published:
2021-10-25
Online:
2021-10-29
Contact:
SUN Mei
E-mail:sunmei@fudan.edu.cn
Supported by:
CLC Number:
CHEN Yu-qian,SUN Mei,LÜ Jun,QIU Fu-bing,QIU Fen,LI An-qiao,XIA Cong,ZHENG Hong-ying. Quality of Life and It's Influencing Factors for Caregivers of Children with Disabilities[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2021, 27(10): 1144-1151.
"
变量 | n | 生理健康 | 心理健康 | t/F值b | P值b | t/F值c | P值c | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
性别 | 男 | 306 | 51.55±8.23 | 42.14±12.72 | -0.396 | 0.692 | 0.081 | 0.935 |
女 | 190 | 51.85±7.92 | 42.04±12.60 | |||||
年龄(岁) | < 6 | 279 | 52.73±7.27 | 44.20±12.48 | 3.275 | 0.001 | 4.255 | < 0.001 |
6~18 | 217 | 50.30±8.90 | 39.41±12.41 | |||||
是否独生子女a | 是 | 344 | 51.78±8.25 | 41.34±12.73 | 0.326 | 0.745 | -2.104 | 0.036 |
否 | 150 | 51.53±7.38 | 43.94±12.38 | |||||
致残原因 | 先天 | 199 | 51.74±8.24 | 42.76±12.54 | 0.168 | 0.867 | 0.947 | 0.344 |
后天 | 297 | 51.62±8.03 | 41.66±12.75 | |||||
残疾类型 | 视力残疾 | 32 | 53.79±5.74 | 38.87±13.14 | 2.733d | 0.009 | 11.810d | < 0.001 |
听力残疾 | 72 | 51.65±7.43 | 51.39±8.65 | |||||
言语残疾 | 32 | 54.65±6.54 | 41.52±14.22 | |||||
智力残疾 | 54 | 49.06±8.96 | 40.94±10.93 | |||||
精神残疾 | 61 | 51.47±8.90 | 40.92±12.40 | |||||
肢体残疾 | 129 | 51.89±8.41 | 37.54±11.73 | |||||
多重残疾 | 54 | 49.50±9.58 | 38.69±12.90 | |||||
未定残 | 62 | 52.95±6.00 | 47.91±11.70 | |||||
情绪稳定性 | 不稳定 | 191 | 49.47±9.38 | 40.04±12.24 | -4.566e | < 0.001 | -2.885 | 0.004 |
稳定 | 305 | 53.05±6.87 | 43.39±12.77 | |||||
伙伴 | 无 | 212 | 50.92±8.80 | 39.90±12.63 | -1.767 | 0.078 | -3.382 | 0.001 |
有 | 284 | 52.22±7.52 | 43.75±12.46 |
"
变量 | n | 生理健康 | 心理健康 | t/F值a | P值a | t/F值b | P值b | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
性别 | 男 | 141 | 53.92±6.81 | 42.41±13.01 | 4.303c | < 0.001 | 0.342 | 0.732 |
女 | 355 | 50.78±8.41 | 41.98±12.54 | |||||
家庭角色 | 父亲 | 98 | 54.48±5.62 | 41.77±12.76 | 10.398d | < 0.001 | 0.436 | 0.647 |
母亲 | 265 | 51.56±7.91 | 41.78±12.29 | |||||
(外)祖父母 | 133 | 49.80±9.43 | 42.98±13.37 | |||||
文化程度 | 初中及以下 | 82 | 49.80±8.79 | 43.61±13.11 | 3.951d | 0.020 | 3.771 | 0.024 |
高中或中专 | 113 | 50.72±9.56 | 39.30±13.12 | |||||
大专及以上 | 301 | 52.53±7.17 | 42.74±12.24 | |||||
日均照护时长(h) | < 6 | 215 | 52.62±7.58 | 42.08±12.34 | 6.722 | 0.001 | 0.059 | 0.942 |
6~< 12 | 161 | 52.11±7.62 | 41.90±13.14 | |||||
≥ 12 | 120 | 49.36±9.20 | 42.42±12.68 |
"
变量 | n | 生理健康 | 心理健康 | t/F值c | P值c | t/F值d | P值d | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
家庭规模 | 4人及以下 | 295 | 51.73±8.12 | 40.44±12.60 | 0.223 | 0.823 | -3.589 | < 0.001 |
5人及以上 | 201 | 51.57±8.11 | 44.55±12.38 | |||||
家庭氛围 | 和睦 | 182 | 53.02±7.56 | 43.58±13.37 | 2.913e | 0.004 | 1.940e | 0.053 |
不和睦 | 314 | 50.89±8.32 | 41.24±12.17 | |||||
家庭人均月收入(元)a | < 5000 | 193 | 50.02±8.42 | 39.30±12.58 | 6.905f | 0.001 | 17.378f | < 0.001 |
5000~< 10000 | 154 | 52.66±7.74 | 41.26±13.04 | |||||
≥ 10000 | 145 | 52.82±7.47 | 47.04±10.89 | |||||
公共政策b | 不满意 | 370 | 51.21±8.47 | 41.24±12.54 | -2.884e | 0.004 | -2.701 | 0.007 |
满意 | 124 | 53.30±6.44 | 44.77±12.77 |
"
维度 | 变量(参照变量) | B | S.E. | 95%CI | | t值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
被照护儿童 | 年龄(< 6岁) | -1.783 | 0.761 | -3.279~-0.287 | -0.110 | -2.342 | 0.020 |
残疾类型(多重残疾) | |||||||
视力残疾 | 2.270 | 1.736 | -1.141~5.680 | 0.069 | 1.308 | 0.192 | |
听力残疾 | -0.821 | 1.456 | -3.683~2.040 | -0.036 | -0.564 | 0.573 | |
言语残疾 | 3.463 | 1.735 | 0.053~6.873 | 0.106 | 1.995 | 0.047 | |
肢体残疾 | 1.566 | 1.273 | -0.937~4.068 | 0.085 | 1.229 | 0.220 | |
智力残疾 | 0.165 | 1.468 | -2.720~3.050 | 0.006 | 0.112 | 0.911 | |
精神残疾 | 2.033 | 1.445 | -0.806~4.871 | 0.083 | 1.407 | 0.160 | |
未定残 | 2.135 | 1.504 | -0.821~5.091 | 0.088 | 1.419 | 0.156 | |
儿童情绪(不稳定) | 2.719 | 0.746 | 1.254~4.184 | 0.164 | 3.646 | < 0.001 | |
照护者 | 照护者性别(男) | -3.765 | 1.431 | -6.578~-0.953 | -0.211 | -2.630 | 0.009 |
家庭角色(父亲) | |||||||
母亲 | 1.334 | 1.679 | -1.966~4.634 | 0.083 | 0.794 | 0.428 | |
(外)祖父母 | -2.302 | 1.532 | -5.313~0.708 | -0.127 | -1.503 | 0.134 | |
文化程度(初中及以下) | |||||||
高中或中专 | 0.386 | 1.155 | -1.885~2.656 | 0.020 | 0.334 | 0.739 | |
大专及以上 | -0.077 | 1.216 | -2.467~2.313 | -0.005 | -0.063 | 0.949 | |
日均照护时长(< 6 h) | |||||||
6~< 12 h | 0.694 | 0.862 | -0.999~2.387 | 0.040 | 0.805 | 0.421 | |
≥ 12 h | -1.496 | 0.979 | -3.420~0.428 | -0.080 | -1.528 | 0.127 | |
环境 | 家庭人均月收入(≥ 10000元) | ||||||
< 5000元 | -1.619 | 0.869 | -3.327~0.088 | -0.098 | -1.863 | 0.063 | |
5000~< 10000元 | 0.081 | 0.892 | -1.672~1.835 | 0.005 | 0.091 | 0.927 | |
家庭氛围(和睦) | -1.275 | 0.741 | -2.730~0.180 | -0.076 | -1.721 | 0.086 | |
公共政策(不满意) | 1.973 | 0.817 | 0.367~3.578 | 0.106 | 2.415 | 0.016 | |
常量 | 55.388 | 3.328 | 48.848~61.927 | 16.643 | < 0.001 |
"
维度 | 变量(参照变量) | B | S.E. | 95%CI | | t值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
被照护儿童 | 年龄(< 6岁) | -1.744 | 1.141 | -3.987~0.499 | -0.068 | -1.528 | 0.127 |
残疾类型(多重残疾) | |||||||
视力残疾 | -1.452 | 2.629 | -6.618~3.713 | -0.028 | -0.553 | 0.581 | |
听力残疾 | 9.465 | 2.218 | 5.107~13.823 | 0.264 | 4.268 | < 0.001 | |
言语残疾 | 1.532 | 2.662 | -3.699~6.762 | 0.029 | 0.575 | 0.565 | |
肢体残疾 | -2.001 | 1.900 | -5.734~1.732 | -0.069 | -1.053 | 0.293 | |
智力残疾 | 2.325 | 2.207 | -2.012~6.663 | 0.057 | 1.054 | 0.293 | |
精神残疾 | 1.335 | 2.194 | -2.977~5.647 | 0.034 | 0.608 | 0.543 | |
未定残 | 5.999 | 2.260 | 1.558~10.441 | 0.157 | 2.654 | 0.008 | |
是否独生子女(是) | 2.049 | 1.144 | -0.198~4.297 | 0.074 | 1.792 | 0.074 | |
儿童情绪稳定性(不稳定) | 1.107 | 1.116 | -1.086~3.300 | 0.042 | 0.992 | 0.322 | |
伙伴(无) | 2.626 | 1.158 | 0.352~4.901 | 0.102 | 2.269 | 0.024 | |
照护者 | 文化程度(初中及以下) | ||||||
高中或中专 | -4.701 | 1.693 | -8.028~-1.374 | -0.156 | -2.777 | 0.006 | |
大专及以上 | -3.610 | 1.524 | -6.604~-0.615 | -0.139 | -2.368 | 0.018 | |
环境 | 家庭规模(4人及以下) | 2.616 | 1.088 | 0.479~4.753 | 0.101 | 2.405 | 0.017 |
家庭人均月收入(≥ 10000元) | |||||||
< 5000元 | -6.572 | 1.305 | -9.136~-4.008 | -0.252 | -5.036 | < 0.001 | |
5000~< 10000元 | -4.932 | 1.330 | -7.544~-2.319 | -0.180 | -3.709 | < 0.001 | |
公共政策(不满意) | 1.252 | 1.223 | -1.152~3.656 | 0.043 | 1.023 | 0.307 | |
常量 | 36.137 | 4.355 | 27.619~44.654 | 8.337 | < 0.001 |
"
维度 | 影响因素 | |
---|---|---|
被照护儿童 | 儿童年龄 | 部分受访者表示随着儿童年龄增长,照护残疾儿童需要耗费更多精力,同时照护者会担心儿童成年后的发展和融入社会等 |
情绪稳定性 | 部分受访者表示儿童情绪不稳定,常常哭闹、发脾气,有攻击行为,使自身感到疲惫和烦躁 | |
照护者 | 家庭角色 | 大部分祖辈受访者提及自身因年纪而易疲劳,照护残疾儿童时感到吃力,担忧自己年迈或生病时无人照护儿童 |
照护时长 | 部分受访者表示长时间的照护使心情压抑,体力常常透支,有亲属帮助轮换照护时会轻松一些 | |
家庭和社会环境 | 经济收入 | 多个受访者表示经济状况是重要的影响因素,经济压力大会影响儿童康复,同时增加照护者的身心负担 |
家庭规模 | 部分家庭规模小的受访者表示,因为没有人可以帮自己,只能靠自己努力支撑全部的照护工作 | |
公共政策 | 部分受访者表示,由于缺乏完善的教育政策保障,残疾儿童难以融入普通学校就读,不利于儿童发展,同时增加照护负担 |
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