残疾儿童照护者焦虑状态及影响因素分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2021.10.005

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the anxiety state and its influencing factors for caregivers of children with disabilities.Methods From December, 2019 to January, 2020, and August to September, 2020, a total of 496 family caregivers of children with disabilities were surveyed in Shanghai. Crosstab was used to analyze the anxiety state and binary logistic regression analysis was used for identifying key factors.Results There were 73.2% parents and 26.8% grandparents among 496 caregivers. Physical disabilities accounted most (26.0%) in the children. About 35.1% caregivers reported their anxiety state, and more than 10% reported moderate to severe anxiety. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that grandfather reported 0.318 times anxiety to mother (OR = 0.318, 95%CI 0.113 to 0.900, P = 0.031). Sleep problems (OR = 1.713, 95%CI 1.046 to 2.805, P = 0.032) and emotional functioning (OR_generally = 0.057, 95%CI 0.009 to 0.340, P = 0.002; OR_stable = 0.031, 95%CI 0.005 to 0.205, P < 0.001) of children were associated with the rate of caregiver-reported anxiety. Among family environment factors, monthly per capita household income (OR_{5000-< 10000 Yuan} = 0.463, 95%CI 0.236 to 0.909, P = 0.025; OR_{≥ 10,000 Yuan} = 0.325, 95%CI 0.160 to 0.660, P = 0.002) and housing status (OR = 0.356, 95%CI 0.208 to 0.608, P < 0.001) were associated with the rate of caregiver-reported anxiety. Among social environment factors, caregivers who were satisfied with current accessibility reported lower rate of anxiety (OR_satisfied = 0.136, 95%CI 0.031 to 0.602, P = 0.009).Conclusion The anxiety state of caregivers of children with disabilities is higher than that of the general population. When caregivers are caring for a child with sleep problem or emotional issue, have low household income, or dissatisfied with the barrier-free environment, they may face higher risk of anxiety.

Key words: children with disabilities, caregivers, anxiety, influencing factors

CLC Number:

XIA Cong,SUN Mei,LÜ Jun,QIU Fu-bing,QIU Fen,ZHENG Hong-ying. Anxiety and Its Influencing Factors of Caregivers for Children with Disabilities[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2021, 27(10): 1152-1158.

Figures/Tables 3

维度	变量(参照变量)	B	S.E.	χ²值	P值	OR	95%CI
照护者	家庭角色(母亲)			5.895	0.117
	父亲	-0.372	0.298	1.556	0.212	0.689	0.384~1.237
	(外)祖母	-0.061	0.324	0.036	0.850	0.941	0.499~1.774
	(外)祖父	-1.145	0.530	4.663	0.031	0.318	0.113~0.900
	患病状况(无疾病)	0.339	0.264	1.650	0.199	1.404	0.837~2.357
	应对方式(消极应对)	0.482	0.286	2.842	0.092	1.620	0.925~2.838
被照护对象	年龄(< 6岁)	0.006	0.247	0.001	0.979	1.006	0.621~1.632
	性别(男)	-0.116	0.232	0.248	0.619	0.891	0.565~1.404
	残疾类型(未定残)			10.738	0.150
	视力	-0.968	0.660	2.149	0.143	0.380	0.104~1.385
	听力	-0.844	0.463	3.329	0.068	0.430	0.174~1.065
	言语	-0.610	0.581	1.101	0.294	0.543	0.174~1.698
	肢体	0.194	0.382	0.259	0.611	1.215	0.575~2.566
	智力	0.123	0.461	0.072	0.789	1.131	0.459~2.791
	精神	-0.130	0.442	0.087	0.769	0.878	0.370~2.087
	多重	0.209	0.473	0.196	0.658	1.232	0.488~3.112
	睡眠质量(无睡眠问题)	0.538	0.252	4.581	0.032	1.713	1.046~2.805
	情绪稳定性(不稳定)			13.297	0.001
	一般	-2.870	0.913	9.876	0.002	0.057	0.009~0.340
	稳定	-3.470	0.961	13.038	< 0.001	0.031	0.005~0.205
家庭环境	家庭人均月收入(< 3000元)			9.976	0.019
	3000~< 5000元	-0.583	0.353	2.739	0.098	0.558	0.280~1.113
	5000~< 10000元	-0.769	0.344	4.998	0.025	0.463	0.236~0.909
	≥ 10000元	-1.124	0.362	9.654	0.002	0.325	0.160~0.660
	住房性质(租住房屋)	-1.033	0.273	14.262	< 0.001	0.356	0.208~0.608
	家庭氛围(和睦)	0.444	0.244	3.319	0.068	1.559	0.967~2.514
社会环境	公共政策(不满意)			3.569	0.168
	一般	-0.726	0.388	3.496	0.062	0.484	0.226~1.036
	满意	-0.836	0.708	1.396	0.237	0.433	0.108~1.735
	社会态度(不友好)			1.305	0.521
	一般	-0.475	0.426	1.245	0.265	0.622	0.270~1.432
	友好	-0.543	0.553	0.965	0.326	0.581	0.197~1.717
	总体无障碍建设(不满意)			6.906	0.032
	一般	-0.959	0.550	3.044	0.081	0.383	0.130~1.126
	满意	-1.998	0.761	6.896	0.009	0.136	0.031~0.602
常量		5.194	1.238	17.614	< 0.001	180.199

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家庭角色	被照护对象残疾类型								合计
家庭角色	视力	听力	言语	肢体	智力	精神	多重	未定残	合计
母亲	12(4.5)	40(15.1)	20(7.5)	61(23.0)	28(10.6)	40(15.1)	36(13.6)	28(10.6)	265(100.0)
父亲	12(12.2)	17(17.3)	5(5.1)	22(22.4)	8(8.2)	13(13.3)	10(10.2)	11(11.2)	98(100.0)
(外)祖母	4(4.4)	9(10.0)	4(4.4)	36(40.0)	11(12.2)	7(7.8)	4(4.4)	15(16.7)	90(100.0)
(外)祖父	4(9.3)	6(14.0)	3(7.0)	10(23.3)	7(16.3)	1(2.3)	4(9.3)	8(18.6)	43(100.0)
合计	32(6.5)	72(14.5)	32(6.5)	129(26.0)	54(10.9)	61(12.3)	54(10.9)	62(12.5)	496(100.0)

维度	变量		是否焦虑
维度	变量		无焦虑	焦虑
照护者	家庭角色	母亲	160(60.4)	105(39.6)
		父亲	73(74.5)	25(25.5)
		(外)祖母	53(58.9)	37(41.1)
		(外)祖父	36(83.7)	7(16.3)
	患病状况	有疾病	87(56.1)	68(43.9)
		无疾病	235(68.9)	106(31.1)
	应对方式^a	积极应对	247(65.7)	129(34.3)
		消极应对	75(66.4)	38(33.6)
被照护对象	年龄	0 ~< 6岁	188(67.4)	91(32.6)
		6~18岁	134(61.8)	83(38.2)
	性别	男	194(63.4)	112(36.6)
		女	128(67.4)	62(32.6)
	残疾类型	视力	27(84.4)	5(15.6)
		听力	58(80.6)	14(19.4)
		言语	25(78.1)	7(21.9)
		肢体	77(59.7)	52(40.3)
		智力	29(53.7)	25(46.3)
		精神	36(59.0)	25(41.0)
		多重	28(51.9)	26(48.1)
		未定残	42(67.7)	20(32.3)
	睡眠质量	有睡眠问题	66(50.0)	66(50.0)
		无睡眠问题	256(70.3)	108(29.7)
	情绪稳定性	不稳定	2(16.7)	10(83.3)
		一般	254(63.2)	148(36.8)
		稳定	66(80.5)	16(19.5)
家庭环境	家庭人均	< 3000元	35(46.7)	40(53.3)
	月收入^b	3000~< 5000元	73(61.9)	45(38.1)
		5000~< 10000元	105(68.2)	49(31.8)
		≥ 10000元	106(73.1)	39(26.9)
	住房性质^c	租住房屋	49(50.5)	48(49.5)
		自有房屋	273(68.6)	125(31.4)
	家庭氛围^c	不和睦	186(59.4)	127(40.6)
		和睦	136(74.7)	46(25.3)
社会环境	公共政策^d	不满意	20(43.5)	26(56.5)
		一般	283(66.7)	141(33.3)
		满意	19(79.2)	5(20.8)
	社会态度^d	不友好	16(39.0)	25(61.0)
		一般	254(66.3)	129(33.7)
		友好	52(74.3)	18(25.7)
	总体无障	不满意	7(28.0)	18(72.0)
	碍建设^d	一般	284(66.0)	146(34.0)
		满意	31(79.5)	8(20.5)

Anxiety and Its Influencing Factors of Caregivers for Children with Disabilities

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