基于《无障碍设计规范》的超大城市道路交通人行道无障碍建设状况评价——以上海市为例

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2021.10.014

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To evaluate the accessibility construction status of road traffic sidewalks in Shanghai.Methods From July to September, 2019, 46 road traffic sidewalks in Shanghai were selected using a convenience sampling, and evaluation tools were designed based on the Codes for Accessibility Design (GB 50763-2012) and Standards for Design on Accessibility of Buildings and Facilities (DGJ08-103-2003). After field check and experience for the sidewalks, the compliance rates of evaluation dimensions and evaluation contents of sidewalks were analyzed using the descriptive analysis. The weights of each dimension were calculated using the principal component analysis to construct the sidewalk comprehensive barrier score model, and to compare the sidewalk comprehensive barrier scores in different areas of Shanghai. From September to November 2019, in-depth interviews were conducted with eleven persons with disabilities to understand the sidewalk barriers for them.Results The overall compliance rate of sidewalk accessibility was 4.35%. Among the evaluated contents, 93.5% sidewalks had a curb ramp, 91.3% had a height difference between the ramp and the carriageway, 26.1% were not paved with tactile ground surface indicators; 71.7% tactile ground surface indicators were blocked by poles, etc., and 84.8% were occupied by obstacles. The warning indicator was the greatest weight among the evaluated dimensions. The barrier of sidewalks was high (36.7%) and medium (20.0%) in the central area, which was higher than that in the sub-central area (both 6.3%) (P < 0.05). There were many obstacles during the experience of sidewalks using, resulting in less using of the barrier-free facilities.Conclusion Most of the sidewalks in Shanghai do not meet the standards of the Codes for Accessibility Design. It is urgent to construct and maintain the barrier-free facilities.

Key words: mega-city, road traffic sidewalk, barrier-free construction, tactile ground surface indicator, Shanghai

CLC Number:

WANG Cao,LÜ Jun,XIE Hui,SUN Mei,GUO Jing,JING Qi,CHEN Yi-han,CHEN Gang. Evaluation of Accessibility of Road Traffic Sidewalks Using the Codes for Accessibility Design in the Mega-city: a Case of Shanghai[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2021, 27(10): 1225-1232.

Figures/Tables 6

References 33

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评价维度	评价内容
缘石坡道	1.整条道路应具有缘石坡道
	2.缘石坡道的坡面应平整
	3.缘石坡道的坡面应防滑
	4.缘石坡道的坡口与车行道之间的高差应该符合以下规定 •没有高差 •高差不大于10 mm
	5.优先选用全宽式单面坡缘石坡道
	6.缘石坡道的坡度应该符合以下规定 •全宽式单面缘石坡道坡度不应该大于1∶20 •三面缘石坡道正面及侧面坡度不应该大于1∶12 •其他形式的缘石坡道坡度不应该大于1∶12
	7.缘石坡道的宽度应该符合以下规定 •全宽式单面缘石坡道宽度应该与人行道相同 •三面缘石坡道正面坡道宽度不应该小于1.2 m •其他形式的缘石坡道坡口宽度不应该小于1.5 m
盲道整体	8.人行道应铺设盲道
	9.人行道应同时具备行进盲道和提示盲道
	10.盲道铺设应连续,避开树木(穴)、电线杆、拉线等障碍物
	11.盲道不应该被其他设施或物品占用
	12.盲道的颜色宜与相邻的人行道铺面的颜色形成对比
	13.盲道型材表面应防滑
行进盲道	14.行进盲道应与人行道的走向一致
	15.行进盲道的宽度宜为250~500 mm
	16.行进盲道宜在距围墙、花台、绿化带250~500 mm处设置
	17.行进盲道的触感条高度宜为4 mm
	18.行进盲道的触感条面宽度宜为25 mm
	19.行进盲道的触感条底宽度宜为35 mm
提示盲道	20.行进盲道在起点、终点、转弯处及其他有需要处应设提示盲道
	21.当盲道宽度不大于300 mm时,提示盲道宽度应大于行进盲道宽度
	22.提示盲道的触感圆点表面直径宜为25 mm
	23.提示盲道的触感圆点表面直径宜为35 mm

评价维度	条目数	理论得分	实际得分	达标率(%)
缘石坡道	7	0~7	3.46±1.50	19.56
盲道整体	6	0~6	2.96±1.99	4.35
行进盲道	6	0~6	1.85±2.61	56.52
提示盲道	4	0~4	1.20±1.77	63.04
总体	23	0~23	9.46±6.44	4.35

评价内容	达标率(%)
缘石坡道
道路具有缘石坡道	93.5
有缘石坡道的道路中全宽式单面缘石坡道	44.2
缘石坡道的坡口与车行道之间无高差	8.7
缘石坡道的坡口与车行道之间高差≤10 mm	52.1
盲道整体
人行道铺设盲道	73.9
行进盲道和提示盲道都具备	73.9
盲道铺设连续避开电线杆	28.3
盲道无障碍物	15.2

评价维度	系数	客观权重
缘石坡道	0.272	0.173
盲道整体	0.426	0.271
行进盲道	0.435	0.277
提示盲道	0.439	0.279

区域	综合障碍得分			Fisher精确检验	P值
区域	低障碍	中障碍	高障碍	Fisher精确检验	P值
中心城区	13(43.3)	6(20.0)	11(36.7)	8.148	0.016
主城片区	14(87.5)	1(6.3)	1(6.3)
合计	27(58.7)	7(15.2)	12(26.1)

Evaluation of Accessibility of Road Traffic Sidewalks Using the Codes for Accessibility Design in the Mega-city: a Case of Shanghai

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功能障碍者类型	n	人行道使用意愿	人行道使用体验	人行道无障碍建设建议
轮椅使用者	5	很少使用,一般使用机动车道	①坡道陡,轮椅上不去; ②仅单侧有坡道,“上坡容易下坡难”; ③路面不平整,轮椅很颠簸; ④老城区的一些路非常窄,加上障碍物占道,轮椅难以通行。	①在道路、地铁站建设中强化无障碍环境建设理念。 ②市残联定期邀请各类残障人士对一些功能场所开展无障碍检查。 ③目前很多无障碍设施建设只是从无到有,但建设不达标,轮椅进不去。希望今后能从有形到有用。 ④让残疾人参与无障碍检查是很好的做法,但要加强整改工作。
视力障碍者	4	不敢自己出门,需要有人陪同	①经常碰到盲道旁边有树坑、电线杆、井盖、单车等; ②路很窄,加上障碍物占道,不安全; ③走着走着盲道就断了,不知道往哪走。	①清理障碍物。 ②如果遇到前面有障碍物可以提示就好了。 ③希望盲道修得好一点。
老年人	2	人行道使用比较多	①老城区的路破损比较严重,坑坑洼洼的; ②腿脚不方便,走路走起来费劲,路又很窄,会给别人挡道。	①人行道平整一点。 ②人行道中间可以有停下来休息的地方。

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