《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》 ›› 2022, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (11): 1288-1298.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2022.11.008

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Health benefit of three exercise-related interventions for type 2 diabetes mellitus in community: a systematic review

WANG Mei1(),LIAO Ting2,CHEN Jian1   

  1. 1. School of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
    2. Wuhan Sports University Aquatic Therapy & Fitness Research Center, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
  • Received:2022-11-15 Revised:2022-11-15 Published:2022-11-25 Online:2022-12-20
  • Contact: WANG Mei E-mail:wangmeipku@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    Wuhan Sports University Youth Scholar Research Team(2021.05);Hubei Excellent Youth Scientific and Technological Innovation Team of Colleges(T2022036)

Abstract:

Objective To construct the categories and framework of research on health effects of three exercise-related intervention models on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and systematically review their health effects in community settings.

Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the the health outcomes of community-based chronic disease management, community-based exercise rehabilitation and community-based physical activity interventions for patients with T2DM in community setting were retrieved from databases of Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI and EBSCO, from 2012 to November, 2022, and screened and reviewed.

Results Ten RCTs from five countries were included finally, involving 24 715 participants (aged 55 to 85 years). The main sources were journals in fields of diabetes, primary care and community health, elderly health and rehabilitation, with publication dates from 2018 to 2022. For the modality of community-based chronic disease management, interventions might be performed in community health centers and community health service centers; by medical professionals, community physical therapists, registered nurses, registered dietitians, program coordinators, pharmacists and exercise coaches; for six to 18 months; including medical consultation, health education, medical visit reminders, physical activity, home visits and regular health status monitoring; mainly for treatment and health promotion. For community-based exercise rehabilitation, interventions might be performed in community senior centers and community medical centers, with exercise coaching and monitoring; by community rehabilitation workers, exercise therapists, nutritionists, and general practitioners; for three to twelve months; including exercise rehabilitation interventions, dietary interventions and health literacy interventions; mainly for treatment, rehabilitation, and health promotion. For community physical activity, interventions might be performed in community senior centers and community health centers, with activity guidance and monitoring; by community rehabilitation workers, exercise therapists, dietitians and general practitioners; involving aerobic exercise (running), resistance exercise (abdominal contraction, vertical chest press, shoulder press, leg press, leg extensions, leg curl, triceps extension, supine pulldown and seated rowing) and combined exercises, ten to 30 minutes a time, three to five times a week, moderate intensity, for five to twelve months; for prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and health promotion. Health outcomes involved in increase of cardiometabolism, improvement of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and insulin sensitivity, decrease of glucose and glycated hemoglobin, increase of lower extremity strength; drinking behavior reducing, exercise participation increasing and more lighter diets; risk of chronic diseases reducing, progression of the diseases delaying, risk of falls and fractures reducing, and mental health and well-being improving.

Conclusion A study framework of programs and outcomes of exercise related intervention for patients with T2DM has been constructured based on ICF, involving three modalities: community-based chronic disease management, community-based exercise rehabilitation and community-based physical activity. Patients with T2DM can benefit in physical function, activity and participation, quality of life, and well-being from the exercise-related intervention in community.

Key words: type 2 diabetes mellitus, exercise, community-based rehabilitation, physical activity, systematic review

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