特殊教育学校孤独症谱系障碍儿童参与适应性瑜伽活动的心理与行为效益的系统综述

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2023.09.004

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective The psychological and behavioral health benefits participating in yoga activities for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in special education schools were reviewed using the theory and methodology of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).

Methods The literature on benefits of yoga in psychological and behavioral health for students with ASD from special education schools participating in yoga activities was searched from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and CNKI, from January, 2010 to July, 2023, and a systematic review was conducted.

Results Seven papers from USA, India and Australia were included, mainly from the journals related to autism, sports therapy, and health psychology, published after 2018. The study design was all randomized controlled trials, featuring a total of 207 children with ASD aged five to 15 years. Adopted yoga interventions mainly included Mandala yoga postures, traditional yoga (breathing, posture, partner posture and relaxation) activities, etc. These simple yoga activities were incorporated into the physical health curriculum of special education schools. The benefits of yoga on psychological and behavioral health of students with ASD were mainly reflected in the following aspects: in the field of cognition, it significantly improved working memory, task monitoring, planning/organization and other aspects in reactive joint attention function and executive function; in the field of emotional development and control, it enhanced the ability of emotions/expressing emotions, empathy for others, and awareness of emotional control, and reduced in anxiety states, irritability that occurred in social, emotional, behavioral aspects, and hyperactivity and aggressive behavior; in the field of social and team activities, it improved speech/communication skills, social skills, and teamwork; in the field of psychomotor, it improved overall motor and imitation skills, exercise-related health behaviors, and sedentary behaviors. Yoga activities also relieved sleep problems. The frequency of intervention ranged from twelve to 60 minutes, one to six times a week for eight to 45 weeks.

Conclusion In the context of special education schools, the health benefits of adapted yoga activities are primarily reflected in improving the psychological health, motor function, and social skills of children with ASD.

Key words: autism spectrum disorder, yoga, special education schools, mental health, systematic review

CLC Number:

R749.93

WEI Xiaowei, YANG Jian, WEI Chunyan. Psychological and behavioral benefits of adapted yoga exercise for children with autism spectrum disorder in special education schools: a systematic review[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2023, 29(9): 1021-1028.

Figures/Tables 4

纳入文献	国家	样本特征	瑜伽干预方案	比较	健康结局
Kaur等^[18](2021)	美国	n = 24 5~13岁	干预内容：呼吸、姿势、同伴姿势和放松等活动，以及专注于ASD儿童需求的活动，如问候、接触和眼神游戏等干预频率：未知干预强度：轻度干预持续时间：8周	干预后瑜伽组会话的反应性社会言语改善更大，表现出较少的负面影响，引起更多的兴趣，负面影响更小与前测相比，瑜伽组在反应性联合注意力方面的总分有所提高	心理健康反应性联合注意力有所提高身体活动相关的行为健康言语交流方面，自发和反应性言语表达都有更大的改善
Shanker等^[19](2023)	印度	n = 43 5~13岁	干预内容：简单瑜伽动作干预频率：每次12 min，每周1次干预强度：轻度干预持续时间：45周	与干预前相比，瑜伽组社会反应量表和异常行为量表得分都显著降低	心理健康社会反应方面，易怒和情况得到显著改善；问题行为方面，ASD儿童的多动和攻击性行为减少身体活动相关的行为健康社交退缩和言语交流状况得到显著改善
Litchke等^[20](2018)	美国	n = 5 5~13岁	干预内容：26个曼陀罗式瑜伽体式，包括有节奏的吟唱、瑜伽卡和游戏干预频率：每次1 h，每周2次干预强度：轻度干预持续时间：4周	与干预前相比，干预后瑜伽组情绪有所改善	心理健康增强了情绪和情感表达；对他人的同理心身体活动相关的行为健康社交技能总体上显著提高；团队合作意识得到改善
Tanksale等^[21](2020)	澳大利亚	n = 61 8~12岁	干预内容：融合了情绪反应的意识和心理教育的瑜伽练习干预频率：每次1 h，每周6次干预强度：轻度干预持续时间：6周	与干预前相比，干预后瑜伽组执行功能的某些方面得分有显著改善；睡眠量表得分、情绪意识问卷得分、焦虑量表得分也得到显著改善	心理健康执行功能的某些方面有所改善，如工作记忆、任务监控、计划/组织等；睡眠问题得到改善；情绪调节能力有所改善，情绪意识提高；焦虑状态减轻身体活动相关的行为健康沟通、言语交流能力得到改善
Shanker等^[14](2022)	印度	n = 43 年龄未提及	干预内容：各种放松和动态练习、呼吸练习、体式、调息、放松和吟唱干预频率：每次45 min，每周6次干预强度：未提及干预持续时间：12周	与干预前相比，干预后瑜伽组孤独症治疗评估检查表得分显著降低，病情严重程度降低	心理健康未提及身体活动相关的行为健康言语/交流能力显著改善
Kaur等^[22](2019)	美国	n = 24 5~13岁	干预内容：传统的瑜伽活动，如呼吸、模仿姿势、同伴姿势和放松，以及鼓励告别歌曲、触摸/接触游戏和表情游戏的上下文适当的社交活动干预频率：每次40~45 min，每周4次干预强度：轻度干预持续时间：8周	与前测相比，瑜伽组在后测中的总运动分测试、双侧协调分测试的表现有所改善；与早期训练相比，瑜伽组降低了中后期训练中模仿错误的总百分比；与智商较高的ASD儿童相比，智商较低的儿童在训练后的姿势模仿方面表现出更大的改善	心理健康总体运动和模仿技能有所提高身体活动相关的行为健康未提及
Sotoodeh等^[23](2017)	印度	n = 7 11~15岁	干预内容：简单瑜伽训练计划干预频率：每次60 min，每周2次干预强度：轻度干预持续时间：24周	与干预前相比，瑜伽组社交能力、感官/认知意识和健康/身体行为3个方面得分显著降低	心理健康认知功能得到改善身体活动相关的行为健康社交技能显著改善；健康行为增多，如久坐行为减少

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纳入文献	资格标准	随机分配	分配隐藏	基线相似	被试施盲	治疗师施盲	评估者施盲	流失率 ≤ 15%	意向性分析	组间统计比较	变异性测量	总分
Kaur等^[18](2021)	√			√	√		√	√	√	√	√	7
Shanker等^[19](2023)	√	√		√	√	√		√		√	√	7
Litchke等^[20](2018)	√	√		√	√	√		√	√		√	7
Tanksale等^[21](2020)	√	√	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√	9
Shanker等^[14](2022)	√	√	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√	9
Kaur等^[22](2019)	√	√	√	√	√			√	√	√	√	8
Sotoodeh等^[23](2017)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√		√	9

Psychological and behavioral benefits of adapted yoga exercise for children with autism spectrum disorder in special education schools: a systematic review

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