《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》 ›› 2023, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (10): 1154-1163.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2023.10.006
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HU Qingkui1,2, YIN Hang3, JIA Shaohui1, LIU Hui1,2,4()
Received:
2023-09-26
Published:
2023-10-25
Online:
2023-11-16
Contact:
LIU Hui, E-mail: 364396538@qq.com
Supported by:
CLC Number:
HU Qingkui, YIN Hang, JIA Shaohui, LIU Hui. Prevalence, types, risk factors and intervention strategies of sport injury for Paralympic athletes: a scoping review[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2023, 29(10): 1154-1163.
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人群 | 运动损伤相关结果 | ||
---|---|---|---|
运动损伤状况 | 运动损伤风险因素 | 运动损伤风险防范措施 | |
参与夏季和冬季残奥会运动员 残疾类别 肢体残疾(上下肢截肢、脑瘫、脊髓损伤、脊髓灰质炎、发育不良和神经肌肉萎缩症、中枢神经系统损伤、脊髓脊膜膨出等) 智力残疾 视力残疾 运动项目 球类(羽毛球、轮椅篮球、坐式排球、乒乓球) 飞镖 游泳 田径 举重 柔道 马术 残疾人冬季滑雪 样本量 平均年龄 | 残奥会运动损伤率 发生率与流行率 残奥会运动损伤类型 过度使用损伤 急性损伤 慢性转急性损伤 残奥会运动损伤部位 头颈部 上肢(肩部、上臂/前臂、肘部、手腕、手指) 躯干(腹部、背部、腰部) 下肢(髋关节/腹股沟、大腿、膝盖、小腿、脚踝、脚趾) | 身体因素 既往损伤史 疾病 疲劳 体力下降 粗心或分心 痉挛和肌肉无力 心理因素 焦虑或过度兴奋 心理健康水平不佳 活动与参与因素 运动训练方法不当 缺乏运动训练与损伤相关的知识 运动技能技巧有待提高 环境因素 天气 比赛场地 运动设施、器材与辅助器具使用 其他因素 | 运动医学与康复医学监护与干预 运动损伤应急处理(运动医学医生和康复治疗师) 残奥运动员损伤的康复(运动医学医生和康复治疗师) 为运动员提供参与训练和比赛预防损伤的指导以及专业化支持(如比赛向导) 为教练员和运动员提供运动损伤预防的健康教育 |
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作者 | 国家 | 样本特征 | 残奥运动员残疾类型 | 运动损伤相关结果 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
运动损伤状况 | 造成运动损伤的风险因素 | 运动损伤风险防范措施 | ||||
Fagher等[ | 瑞典 | 残奥运动员 运动项目:轮椅橄榄球、残疾人乒乓球、残疾人游泳 n = 18 平均年龄27岁 | 视力残疾 智力残疾 脊髓损伤 脑瘫 脊髓脊膜膨出 发育不良和神经肌肉萎缩症 | 运动损伤发生率 未提及 运动损伤类型 未提及 运动损伤身体部位 未提及 | 身体功能因素 注意力缺乏; 痉挛和肌肉无力 心理因素 心理健康水平下降 活动与参与因素 过多和过于紧张的运动专项训练、训练量增长过快; 缺乏恢复期; 训练课程质量不高,缺乏运动损伤相关知识 环境因素 未提及 其他因素 未提及 | 为教练员和运动员开展有关各类损伤知识的集体培训; 提供康复治疗服务 |
Li等[ | 中国 | 中国省级残奥运动员 运动项目:羽毛球、飞镖、游泳、乒乓球、田径 n = 160 平均年龄28.1岁 | 视力残疾 肢体残疾 | 运动损伤发生率 训练期间 比赛期间 运动损伤类型 未提及 运动损伤身体部位 头颈部 上肢(肩部、上臂/前臂、肘部、手腕、手指) 躯干(腹部、背部、腰部) 下肢(髋关节/腹股沟、大腿、膝盖、小腿、脚踝、脚趾) | 身体功能因素 既往损伤史; 疲劳; 体质下降; 粗心或分心; 肌肉发育不平衡、协调能力下降、肌肉力量增长过快; 柔韧性下降、耐力下降 心理因素 焦虑或过度兴奋 活动与参与因素 受伤/生病后继续训练; 热身不足; 突然改变防护措施; 不当的保护措施 环境因素 天气; 比赛场地; 运动设施、器材与辅助器具使用 其他因素 自我保护意识低; 损伤风险防范不充分; 休息方式不规范 | 未提及 |
Ona Ayala等[ | 美国 | 2016年里约残奥运动员 运动项目:举重 n = 180 平均年龄29岁 | 脑瘫 脊髓损伤 下肢截肢 脊髓灰质炎 | 运动损伤发生率 未提及 运动损伤类型 过度使用损伤 急性损伤 慢性转急性损伤 运动损伤身体部位 头颈部(颈部) 上肢(肩部、肘部、前臂、上臂) 躯干(胸部) | 身体功能因素 未提及 心理因素 未提及 活动与参与因素 未提及 环境因素 未提及 其他因素 年龄 | 未提及 |
Lexell等[ | 瑞典 | 残奥运动员 运动项目:柔道、轮椅篮球、马术 n = 107 平均年龄26.5岁 | 视力残疾 智力残疾 肢体缺陷 脊髓损伤 中枢神经系统损伤和疲劳 | 运动损伤发生率 比赛期间 运动损伤类型 脑震荡 运动损伤身体部位 头颈部(头部) | 身体功能因素 未提及 心理因素 未提及 活动与参与因素 未提及 环境因素 未提及 其他因素 疾病障碍因素 | 为残奥运动员提供指导; 为教练员和运动员开展有关各类损伤知识的培训,提高运动损伤风险防范意识 |
Derman 等[ | 南非 | 2016年里约夏季残奥运动员 运动项目:田径、足球、残疾人游泳、柔道等 n = 3 657 平均年龄:未提及 | 肢体缺陷 视力障碍 脊髓损伤 中枢神经损伤 | 运动损伤发生率 比赛前 比赛期间 运动损伤类型 急性损伤 慢性过度使用损伤 慢性转急性损伤 运动损伤身体部位 上肢(肩部、手腕、手指) 躯干(腹部、背部、腰部) 下肢(足部、脚趾) | 身体功能因素 残疾类型 心理因素 未提及 活动与参与因素 未提及 环境因素 未提及 其他因素 年龄 | 调查研究不同残疾类型运动员损伤风险因素,提前进行降低损伤风险的教育培训干预 |
Zwierzchowska 等[ | 波兰 | 残奥运动员 运动项目:游泳、排球 n = 35 平均年龄27.5岁 | 视力残疾 肢体缺陷 脑瘫 | 运动损伤发生率 未提及 运动损伤类型 急性损伤 慢性过度使用损伤 慢性转急性损伤 运动损伤身体部位 头颈部(颈部) 躯干(下背部) | 身体功能因素 残疾类型 心理因素 未提及 活动与参与因素 未提及 环境因素 未提及 其他因素 未提及 | 未提及 |
Fagher 等[ | 瑞典 | 2016年里约夏季残奥运动员 运动项目:柔道 n = 45 平均年龄28岁 | 视力残疾 | 运动损伤发生率 未提及 运动损伤类型 未提及 运动损伤身体部位 上肢(肩部) 下肢(臀部/腹股沟、膝盖/小腿、脚/脚趾) | 身体功能因素 未提及 心理因素 未提及 活动与参与因素 未提及 环境因素 未提及 其他因素 未提及 | 提高摔倒技能、力量和灵活性; 进行神经肌肉骨骼检查、颈部肌肉训练以及伤害监测和视频分析; 在残奥会柔道中实施急性处理、康复和重返运动的指南 |
Derman 等[ | 南非 | 2018年平昌冬残奥运动员 运动项目:高山滑雪、单板滑雪、北欧滑雪(越野滑雪和冬季两项相结合)、冰球和轮椅冰壶 n = 567 平均年龄33.6岁 | 肢体缺陷 脊髓损伤 | 运动损伤发生率 12.19% 运动损伤类型 急性损伤 慢性过度使用损伤 慢性转急性损伤 运动损伤身体部位 上肢(肩部/上臂/肘关节复合体、腕/手/手指复合体) 头颈部(头/颈部/面部复合体) | 身体功能因素 未提及 心理因素 未提及 活动与参与因素 运动员失控; 技术故障 环境因素 未提及 其他因素 未提及 | 优化课程设计; 改善技术和医务人员之间的指挥和控制结构 |
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