《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》 ›› 2023, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (12): 1395-1404.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2023.12.004
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Received:
2023-11-30
Published:
2023-12-25
Online:
2023-12-28
Contact:
YANG Jian, E-mail: Supported by:
CLC Number:
SHI Xiaoyu, YANG Jian. Adaptive physical activity and its health benefits for patients with spinal cord injury based on ICF: a scoping review[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2023, 29(12): 1395-1404.
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人群(Population) | 干预(Intervention) | 比较(Comparison) | 结局(Outcome) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
健康状况 脊髓损伤(康复期) 完全性 不完全性 损伤等级 受伤时间 年龄 功能状况 身体功能 b710 关节活动功能 b715 关节稳定功能 b720 骨骼活动功能 b730 肌肉力量功能 b735 肌张力功能 b750 运动反射功能 b760 随意运动控制功能 b770 步态功能 活动和参与 d410 改变身体的基本姿势 d415 保持一种身体姿势 d420 移动自身 d445 手和手臂的使用 d450 步行 d455 到处移动 d570 照顾个人的健康 d610 获得商品和服务 d910 社区生活 d920 娱乐和休闲 环境 e1151 个人日常生活中用的辅助用品和技术 e1401 文化、娱乐和体育用的辅助用品和技术 | 身体活动场所 居家 社区 医疗或康复机构 身体活动干预属性 预防类 健康促进类 治疗类 康复类 身体活动方案 活动方式 活动频率 活动强度 活动持续时间 活动支持与指导人员 | 参与活动组与不参与活动组比较 参与活动前后比较 参与不同活动方式的组间比较 参与不同强度的活动组比较 | 身体和心理健康 肌肉功能(肌肉力量、力量感知) 步行功能(步行速度、步行距离) 呼吸系统和循环系统功能(峰值摄氧量、有氧耐力、心肺功能、降低心肺疾病风险、颈动脉硬化等) 免疫系统 心理社会功能(疲劳程度) 活动和行为健康 活动(运动技能、日常生活和活动性相关的活动) 身体活动参与(身体活动水平、有氧健身水平) 环境因素 辅助设备使用 生活质量与福祉 生活质量 | 身体和心理健康 b730 肌肉力量功能 b770 步态功能 b450 辅助呼吸功能 b455 运动耐受功能 b460 与心血管和呼吸功能相关的感觉 b435 免疫系统功能 b122 整体心理社会功能 b130 能量和驱力功能 活动和行为健康 d155 掌握技能 d410 改变身体的基本姿势 d415 保持一种身体姿势 d499 未特指的活动 d570 照顾个人的健康 d9201 运动 环境因素 e1401 文化、娱乐和体育用的辅助用品和技术 生活质量与福祉 d910社区生活 d920娱乐和休闲 |
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作者 | 国家 | 样本特征 | 健康及功能状况 | 身体活动场所 | 身体活动干预属性 | 身体活动方案 | 比较 | 健康结局指标 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bye等[ | 澳大利亚 | n = 30 (干预组15例,对照组15例); 年龄25~65岁,平均46岁 | 不完全性脊髓损伤 损伤程度:神经水平C1~L3,运动水平C1~L3 受伤时间:1.4~3.1个月,平均2个月 | 医疗或康复机构 | 治疗类 康复类 | 活动方式:力量训练、日常生活活动的步态和功能训练(如转移、行走、滚动和推动手动轮椅训练) 活动频率:每次4组训练,每组10次,共计40次收缩训练,组间休息2 min,前两组每组进行10次等长收缩(持续4 s,间隔4 s),后两组进行向心收缩;每周3次 活动强度:中~高 活动持续时间:12周 活动指导与支持人员:职业治疗师 | 参与身体活动与单独的常规护理组比较 | 身体和心理健康 部分瘫痪肌肉的力量增强;力量感知功能改善 活动和行为健康 未提及 环境因素 未提及 生活质量与福祉 未提及 |
Bye等[ | 澳大利亚 | n = 10 (干预组5例,对照组5例) 年龄> 18岁 | 不完全性脊髓损伤,部分瘫痪(肘屈肌、肘伸肌、膝屈肌或膝伸肌) 损伤程度:神经水平C3~L1,运动水平C3~L3 受伤时间:受伤后5个月~14年 | 社区 | 健康促进类 | 活动方式:抗阻训练 活动频率:每次4组训练,每组10次,共计40次收缩训练,组间休息2 min,前两组每组进行10次等长收缩(持续4 s,间隔4 s),后两组进行向心收缩;每周3次 活动强度:中~高 活动持续时间:6周 活动指导与支持人员:熟练物理治疗师 | 参与身体活动前后比较 | 身体和心理健康 平均最大等长肌肉力量增加14% 活动和行为健康 未提及 环境因素 未提及 生活质量与福祉 未提及 |
Gorman等[ | 美国 | n = 31 (干预组16例,对照组15例) 年龄18~65岁 | 不完全性脊髓损伤 损伤程度:神经水平C2~T12,损伤等级C~D 受伤时间:至少12个月 | 医疗或康复机构 | 治疗类 康复类 | 活动方式:机器人跑步机、水疗 活动频率:每次45 min,每周3次 活动强度:中~高 活动持续时间:12周 活动指导与支持人员:职业治疗师 | 参与不同身体活动方式比较 | 身体和心理健康 峰值摄氧量显著改善;心肺功能显著改善;心肺风险显著降低 活动和行为健康 未提及 环境因素 未提及 生活质量与福祉 未提及 |
Bergmann等[ | 爱沙尼亚 | n = 10 (干预组5例,对照组5例) 年龄18~55岁 | 不完全性脊髓损伤、四肢瘫 损伤程度:神经水平S4~S5,损伤等级B~C; 受伤时间:至少12个月 | 居家 | 预防类 治疗类 康复类 | 活动方式 运动康复:每个练习12次重复,分3组完成 功能性电刺激:热身和恢复阶段的频率设置为3 Hz。在实施阶段,8 Hz 18 s,2 Hz 2 s,18 Hz 10 s等,交替连续重复,没有停顿 活动频率:每次12~45 min,每周2次 活动强度:低~中 活动持续时间:6周 活动指导与支持人员:熟练物理治疗师 | 参与不同身体活动方式比较; 身体活动与功能性电刺激组合方式以及两者结合方式的比较 | 身体和心理健康 背肌和腹直肌力量显著增强;疲劳程度得到缓解 活动和行为健康 未提及 环境因素 未提及 生活质量与福祉 自我照顾能力得到改善 |
Gagnon等[ | 加拿大 | n = 14 (干预组7例,对照组7例) 年龄26.7~63.1岁 | 完全性脊髓损伤 损伤程度:神经水平T4~T10,损伤等级A~B 受伤时间:未提及 | 社区 | 健康促进类 康复类 | 活动方式:基于动力机器外骨骼的渐进式运动训练(可穿戴机器人外骨骼EKSOTM 1.1) 活动频率:每次45~60 min,每周3次 活动强度:中~高 活动持续时间:6~8周 活动指导与支持人员:熟练物理治疗师 | 参与身体活动前后比较 | 身体和心理健康 步行速度显著提高 活动和行为健康 姿势控制能力得到显著改善 环境因素 机器人外骨骼辅助脊髓损伤患者是可行的,可安全使用 生活质量与福祉 未提及 |
Jansen等[ | 荷兰 | n = 10 (干预组5例,对照组5例) 年龄28~65岁 | 完全性脊髓损伤 损伤程度:神经水平T4~T11,损伤等级A~C 受伤时间:至少96个月 | 医疗或康复机构 | 治疗类 康复类 | 活动方式:电刺激辅助的腿部自行车、手动自行车 活动频率:每次40~45 min,每周2次 活动强度:中~高 活动持续时间:16周 活动指导与支持人员:职业治疗师 | 参与不同身体活动比较 | 身体和心理健康 不会导致全身血管适应性改变 活动和行为健康 未提及 环境因素 未提及 生活质量与福祉 未提及 |
Ma等[ | 加拿大 | n = 28 (干预组14例,对照组14例) 平均年龄45岁 | 完全性脊髓损伤 损伤程度:损伤等级A 受伤时间:196.8个月 | 家庭 | 健康促进类 康复类 | 活动方式:有氧运动 活动频率:每次15 min,每周5次(其中第1次为治疗师指导,后4次自主练习) 活动强度:中~高 活动持续时间:8周 活动指导与支持人员:熟练物理治疗师 | 干预组与对照组比较 | 身体和心理健康 心理社会预测指标显著改善;颈动脉硬化得到改善 活动和行为健康 中等到剧烈体力活动增加了5倍,体力活动增加了17%;有氧健身水平提高了19%;掌握自我管理锻炼的技能 环境因素 未提及 生活质量与福祉 改善健康相关的生活质量 |
Alves等[ | 巴西 | n = 17 (干预组9例,对照组8例); 年龄> 18岁 | 完全性脊髓损伤、截瘫 损伤程度:损伤等级A~C 受伤时间:至少12个月 | 社区 | 健康促进类 康复类 | 活动方式:适用于轮椅的跑步机 活动频率:每次30 min,每周2次 活动强度:中~高 活动持续时间:3周 活动指导与支持人员:社区卫生人员 | 参与不同身体活动比较 | 身体和心理健康 峰值摄氧量显著改善;急性系统性抗炎细胞因子反应明显减弱;疲劳程度得到缓解 活动和行为健康 未提及 环境因素 未提及 生活质量与福祉 未提及 |
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