儿童青少年身体活动的心理和行为健康效应：系统综述的系统综述

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2024.10.002

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To systematically review the evidence from systematic reviews on the impact of physical activity on the mental and behavioral health of children and adolescents.

Methods Literature was searched across databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and CNKI for systematic reviews published between January, 2014 and January, 2024 regarding the effect of physical activity on the mental and behavioral health of children and adolescents. Relevant evidence was analyzed.

Results A total of ten English articles were included, involving 221 580 children and adolescents from Australia, China, Canada, the United States and Spain. The included studies were mainly from journals in the fields of pediatrics, child health and development, and psychology. Participants were aged five to 18 years and included both healthy individuals and those with health conditions such as neurodevelopmental disorders, depression and obesity. The interventions included school physical education programs, community physical activity projects, home exercise plans, extracurricular sports programs, extracurricular physical activities and interventions to reduce sedentary behavior. Intervention types included aerobic exercise, strength training, and recreational activities. The frequency of interventions ranged from 15 to 120 minutes per session, two to six times per week, with intensities from low to high, lasting from six to 81 weeks. Health outcomes mainly reflected improvements in children's attention, executive function, memory, and learning ability, reductions in anxiety and depressive symptoms, increases in self-esteem and self-efficacy, improvements in social adaptability and life satisfaction, reductions in obesity rates, and the promotion of healthier lifestyles.

Conclusion Physical activity helps children and adolescents improve attention, executive function, memory and learning ability, reduce anxiety and depressive symptoms, boost self-esteem and self-efficacy, enhance social adaptability and life satisfaction, lower obesity rates, and promote positive lifestyle changes.

Key words: children, adolescents, physical activity, psychology, behavioral health, systematic review

CLC Number:

G804.8

YAN Jingfei, DAI Shengting. Effect of physical activity on psychological and behavioral health in children and adolescents: a systematic review of systematic reviews[J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2024, 30(10): 1125-1132.

Figures/Tables 4

Table 1

Figure 1

Table 2

Table 3

Basic characteristics of included literature"

纳入文献	国家	样本特征	干预类型	干预方案	比较	健康结局指标
Lubans等^[14](2016)	澳大利亚	纳入研究：n = 22 样本量：n = 12000 年龄：5~18岁健康状况：健康	学校体育课程；社区身体活动项目；家庭锻炼计划	干预方式：体育活动，包括有氧运动、力量训练、游戏活动等干预频率：每次 30~60 min，每周 3~5次干预强度：中等~高干预时间：8~12周	与未参与身体活动或其他类型的活动比较	认知功能：注意力和集中力改善；执行功能提升；学业表现更优心理健康：焦虑和抑郁改善；自尊心和自我效能感提升；情绪调节能力改善行为健康：未提及
Recchia等^[15](2023)	中国	纳入研究：n = 21 样本量：n = 2441 年龄：13~16岁健康状况：抑郁症	学校体育课程；社区身体活动项目；家庭锻炼计划	干预方式：有氧运动和力量训练干预频率：每次30~120 min，每周2~5次干预强度：未提及干预时间：6~48周	不同干预频率、不同年龄段、干预前后比较	认知功能：未提及心理健康：抑郁症状改善，情绪状态更积极；焦虑水平、情绪调节能力改善行为健康：社交功能和生活满意度显著提高
Wu等^[16](2017)	中国	纳入研究：n = 31 样本量：n = 79046 年龄：3~18岁健康状况：健康	学校体育课程；家庭锻炼计划	干预方式：学校体育课程、家庭锻炼计划以及减少屏幕时间的行为干预干预频率：每次30~60 min，每周 3~5次干预强度：中等干预时间：8~12周	不同测量工具或方法、不同文化或地区、不同年龄组、与未参与身体活动或其他类型活动比较	认知功能：注意力、记忆力和学习能力提高心理健康：情绪调节能力改善，焦虑和抑郁症状减少；自我效能感和自信心增强行为健康：体质量得到控制；社会互动能力提升，形成积极的生活方式
Peng等^[17] (2022)	中国	纳入研究：n = 31 样本量：n = 12250 年龄：6~18岁健康状况：神经发育障碍(如ASD)、抑郁、肥胖问题	学校体育课程；课外运动项目	干预方式：有氧运动、力量训练和灵活性训练等多种形式的体育活动干预频率：未提及干预强度：未提及干预时间：6~81周	不同干预组、干预前后、干预类型、不同年龄组比较	认知功能：注意力改善；冲动控制心理健康：孤独症谱系障碍症状和抑郁症症状改善；行为健康：肥胖率降低；社会交往能力提升
Korczak等^[18](2017)	加拿大	纳入研究：n = 40 样本量：n = 14549 年龄：8~18岁健康状况：抑郁症	学校运动课程；社区体育活动；家庭锻炼计划；课外运动项目	干预方式：有氧运动和力量训练干预频率：未提及干预强度：未提及干预时间：未提及	接受干预与未接受干预、干预前后、不同类型身体活动比较	认知功能：未提及心理健康：抑郁症状显著改善；焦虑和情绪状态改善行为健康：社会适应能力和生活满意度提高
Marker等^[19](2018)	美国	纳入研究：n = 30 样本量：n = 21177 年龄：5~18岁健康状况：健康	学校体育项目；家庭锻炼计划；社区体育活动；减少久坐行为	干预方式：学校提供的体育课程；社区组织的集体或个体锻炼项目干预频率：每次20~70 min，每周2~5次干预强度：低~高干预时间：6~24周	干预前后、参与干预与未参与干预、不同干预类型、不同强度活动的比较	认知功能：注意力得到改善；心理健康：抑郁和焦虑症状明显改善行为健康：久坐行为减少；社交互动行为增加
Wilhite等^[20](2023)	澳大利亚	纳入研究：n = 141 样本量：n = 71697 年龄：5~17岁健康状况：健康	学校运动课程；社区体育活动；久坐行为干预；睡眠教育	干预方式：身体活动，减少久坐行为，睡眠干预干预频率：每次30~65 min，每周2~6次干预强度：未提及干预时间：> 12周	不同生活方式组合、生活方式干预组与对照组、单一行为与组合行为比较	认知功能：未提及心理健康：抑郁和焦虑评分改善行为健康：体质量和体脂率降低；学业表现和出勤率改善
Li等^[21](2022)	中国	纳入研究：n = 24 样本量：n = 3907 年龄：12~18岁健康状况：健康	学校体育项目；课外运动项目	干预方式：有氧运动，团体运动、课外体育活动干预频率：每次20~50 min，每周3~5次干预强度：低~高干预时间：6~12周	干预前后、不同活动类型、不同强度、不同年龄组、干预与对照组比较	认知功能：未提及心理健康：情绪调节能力改善，幸福感增加行为健康：社交互动能力得到改善
Rodriguez-Ayllon等^[22](2019)	西班牙	纳入研究：n = 12 样本量：n = 993 年龄：6~18岁健康状况：健康	学校体育项目；家庭锻炼计划；社区体育活动	干预方式：有氧运动、游戏和其他身体锻炼形式干预频率：每次30~60 min，每周3~5次干预强度：低~高干预时间：8~48周	干预前后、干预组与对照组、不同年龄组、不同干预方式、不同行为干预比较	认知功能：未提及心理健康：焦虑和抑郁症状改善；心理幸福感提升行为健康：未提及
Hale 等^[23](2023)	澳大利亚	纳入研究：n = 23 样本量：n = 3520 年龄：6~11岁健康状况：健康	学校体育项目；家庭锻炼计划；社区体育活动	干预方式：有氧运动、力量训练以及团队运动干预频率：每次15~60 min，每周2~5次干预强度：中~高干预时间：6~48周	干预组与对照组、干预前后、不同类型体育活动比较	认知功能：注意力和学业表现得到改善心理健康：自尊以及情绪调节能力提升；抑郁症状减轻行为健康：社交技能增强

Table 3

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纳入文献	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	质量
Lubans等^[14](2016)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	高
Recchia等^[15](2023)	√	√	√	√	√	√		√	√		√	√	√	√	√		低
Wu等^[16](2017)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√	√	高
Peng等^[17](2022)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√	√	高
Korczak等^[18](2017)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√			√			√	√	√	极低
Marker等^[19](2018)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√		中等
Wilhite等^[20](2023)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√		-	-			-		低
Li等^[21](2022)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√		√			√		√	极低
Rodriguez-Ayllon等^[22](2019)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√	√	高
Hale等^[23](2023)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√		-	-	√	√	-	√	高

纳入文献	国家	样本特征	干预类型	干预方案	比较	健康结局指标
Lubans等^[14](2016)	澳大利亚	纳入研究：n = 22 样本量：n = 12000 年龄：5~18岁健康状况：健康	学校体育课程；社区身体活动项目；家庭锻炼计划	干预方式：体育活动，包括有氧运动、力量训练、游戏活动等干预频率：每次 30~60 min，每周 3~5次干预强度：中等~高干预时间：8~12周	与未参与身体活动或其他类型的活动比较	认知功能：注意力和集中力改善；执行功能提升；学业表现更优心理健康：焦虑和抑郁改善；自尊心和自我效能感提升；情绪调节能力改善行为健康：未提及
Recchia等^[15](2023)	中国	纳入研究：n = 21 样本量：n = 2441 年龄：13~16岁健康状况：抑郁症	学校体育课程；社区身体活动项目；家庭锻炼计划	干预方式：有氧运动和力量训练干预频率：每次30~120 min，每周2~5次干预强度：未提及干预时间：6~48周	不同干预频率、不同年龄段、干预前后比较	认知功能：未提及心理健康：抑郁症状改善，情绪状态更积极；焦虑水平、情绪调节能力改善行为健康：社交功能和生活满意度显著提高
Wu等^[16](2017)	中国	纳入研究：n = 31 样本量：n = 79046 年龄：3~18岁健康状况：健康	学校体育课程；家庭锻炼计划	干预方式：学校体育课程、家庭锻炼计划以及减少屏幕时间的行为干预干预频率：每次30~60 min，每周 3~5次干预强度：中等干预时间：8~12周	不同测量工具或方法、不同文化或地区、不同年龄组、与未参与身体活动或其他类型活动比较	认知功能：注意力、记忆力和学习能力提高心理健康：情绪调节能力改善，焦虑和抑郁症状减少；自我效能感和自信心增强行为健康：体质量得到控制；社会互动能力提升，形成积极的生活方式
Peng等^[17] (2022)	中国	纳入研究：n = 31 样本量：n = 12250 年龄：6~18岁健康状况：神经发育障碍(如ASD)、抑郁、肥胖问题	学校体育课程；课外运动项目	干预方式：有氧运动、力量训练和灵活性训练等多种形式的体育活动干预频率：未提及干预强度：未提及干预时间：6~81周	不同干预组、干预前后、干预类型、不同年龄组比较	认知功能：注意力改善；冲动控制心理健康：孤独症谱系障碍症状和抑郁症症状改善；行为健康：肥胖率降低；社会交往能力提升
Korczak等^[18](2017)	加拿大	纳入研究：n = 40 样本量：n = 14549 年龄：8~18岁健康状况：抑郁症	学校运动课程；社区体育活动；家庭锻炼计划；课外运动项目	干预方式：有氧运动和力量训练干预频率：未提及干预强度：未提及干预时间：未提及	接受干预与未接受干预、干预前后、不同类型身体活动比较	认知功能：未提及心理健康：抑郁症状显著改善；焦虑和情绪状态改善行为健康：社会适应能力和生活满意度提高
Marker等^[19](2018)	美国	纳入研究：n = 30 样本量：n = 21177 年龄：5~18岁健康状况：健康	学校体育项目；家庭锻炼计划；社区体育活动；减少久坐行为	干预方式：学校提供的体育课程；社区组织的集体或个体锻炼项目干预频率：每次20~70 min，每周2~5次干预强度：低~高干预时间：6~24周	干预前后、参与干预与未参与干预、不同干预类型、不同强度活动的比较	认知功能：注意力得到改善；心理健康：抑郁和焦虑症状明显改善行为健康：久坐行为减少；社交互动行为增加
Wilhite等^[20](2023)	澳大利亚	纳入研究：n = 141 样本量：n = 71697 年龄：5~17岁健康状况：健康	学校运动课程；社区体育活动；久坐行为干预；睡眠教育	干预方式：身体活动，减少久坐行为，睡眠干预干预频率：每次30~65 min，每周2~6次干预强度：未提及干预时间：> 12周	不同生活方式组合、生活方式干预组与对照组、单一行为与组合行为比较	认知功能：未提及心理健康：抑郁和焦虑评分改善行为健康：体质量和体脂率降低；学业表现和出勤率改善
Li等^[21](2022)	中国	纳入研究：n = 24 样本量：n = 3907 年龄：12~18岁健康状况：健康	学校体育项目；课外运动项目	干预方式：有氧运动，团体运动、课外体育活动干预频率：每次20~50 min，每周3~5次干预强度：低~高干预时间：6~12周	干预前后、不同活动类型、不同强度、不同年龄组、干预与对照组比较	认知功能：未提及心理健康：情绪调节能力改善，幸福感增加行为健康：社交互动能力得到改善
Rodriguez-Ayllon等^[22](2019)	西班牙	纳入研究：n = 12 样本量：n = 993 年龄：6~18岁健康状况：健康	学校体育项目；家庭锻炼计划；社区体育活动	干预方式：有氧运动、游戏和其他身体锻炼形式干预频率：每次30~60 min，每周3~5次干预强度：低~高干预时间：8~48周	干预前后、干预组与对照组、不同年龄组、不同干预方式、不同行为干预比较	认知功能：未提及心理健康：焦虑和抑郁症状改善；心理幸福感提升行为健康：未提及
Hale 等^[23](2023)	澳大利亚	纳入研究：n = 23 样本量：n = 3520 年龄：6~11岁健康状况：健康	学校体育项目；家庭锻炼计划；社区体育活动	干预方式：有氧运动、力量训练以及团队运动干预频率：每次15~60 min，每周2~5次干预强度：中~高干预时间：6~48周	干预组与对照组、干预前后、不同类型体育活动比较	认知功能：注意力和学业表现得到改善心理健康：自尊以及情绪调节能力提升；抑郁症状减轻行为健康：社交技能增强

Effect of physical activity on psychological and behavioral health in children and adolescents: a systematic review of systematic reviews

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