内感受功能评估工具的结构、内容与心理测量特性：基于COSMIN和ICF的Scoping综述

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2025.02.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To review the interoceptive assessment tools in terms of structure, content and psychometric properties, based on the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).

Methods The literature on interoceptive evaluation tools was retrieved from databases of CNKI, PubMed, Medline and EBSCO. The principal structures and contents of the assessment tools were analyzed based on the ICF framework, and the quality of the psychometric properties were appraised using COSMIN.

Results A total of 13 interoceptive assessment tools were ultimately included, involving 16 literature references. There were five interoceptive sensitivity tools, four accuracy tools and four awareness tools. In terms of content, interoceptive sensitivity tools involved 33 categories of body functions, six categories of activities and participation, and one of environmental factors; while interoceptive accuracy tools only involved seven categories of body function, and two of activities and participation items; interoceptive awareness tools involved 30 categories of body function, four categories of activities and participation, and three of environmental factors. In terms of psychometric properties, Body Perception Questionnaire-Short Form (BPQ-SF) was the sensitivity tool with the best reliability and validity (qualified rate of 7/8), followed by Interoceptive Sensitivity Questionnaire (ISQ) (qualified rate of 6/8). Most of the accuracy tools adopted standardized measurement methods, but lacked sufficient reliability and validity verification. The awareness tools were good in reliability and validity (qualified rate above 5/8), especially Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA-1) and Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ) (qualified rate of 8/8).

Conclusion BPQ-SF and ISQ are recommended for interoceptive sensitivity assessment, Water-loading Test and Heart-beat Tracking Task for interoceptive accuracy assessment, and MAIA-1 and BAQ for interoceptive awareness assessment.

Key words: interoception, assessment, sensitivity, accuracy, awareness, psychometrics, scoping review

CLC Number:

R493

WANG Xiaoxiao, QU Lu, WANG Jiaxin, ZHAO Meiping, LI Muzi, LIU Qiaoyun. Structure, content and psychometric properties of assessment tools for interoceptive function: a scoping review based on COSMIN and ICF[J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2025, 31(2): 172-183.

Figures/Tables 4

Figure 1

Table 1

Characteristics of interoceptive tools"

维度	工具	开发/修订者	国家	测量目标	适用人群	评估方式	总项目数及分量表(项目数)	评分方式
敏感性	BPQ	Porges^[23](1993)	美国	评估、制定干预方案	神经障碍、行为问题等成人与儿童	标准化量表：自我报告	122个项目，包括身体意识(45)、应激反应(10)、自主神经系统反应(27)、应激风格1 (8)、应激风格2 (4)、健康史(28)	1~5分
	BPQ-SF	Cabrera等^[28](2018)		筛查、评估			46个项目，包括身体意识(26)、自主神经系统反应(20)
	BPQ-VSF		西班牙美国	筛查			12个项目，包括身体意识(12)
	BPQ-20 ANS			筛查			20个项目，包括自主神经系统反应(20)
	BRQ	Daubenmier^[24](2005)	美国	评估	身心障碍	标准化量表：自我报告	7个项目，包括身体感觉一般态度、身体反应	1~7分
	ISQ	Fiene等^[25](2018)	澳大利亚	筛查	孤独症和内感受功能受损的成人	标准化量表：自我报告	20个项目，包括进食、消化、冷热感觉、身体知觉、身体信号识别	1~7分
	BVS	Schmidt等^[26](1997)	美国	筛查、制定干预方案	惊恐障碍	标准化量表：自我报告	18个项目，包括注意力集中程度(1)、身体感觉感知敏感性(1)、身体感觉平均时间(1)、感觉评分(15)	0~10/0~100分
	SBC	Price等^[27](2007)	美国	筛查、评估	生理、行为和调节障碍	标准化量表：自我报告	20个项目，包括身体意识(12)、身体分离感(8)	1~5分
准确性	WLT-Ⅱ	Van Dyck等^[32](2016)	卢森堡	评估	饮食失调、神经性厌食、消化功能障碍	标准化测试与自我报告相结合	2次饮水任务，每次5 min，首轮随意饮水，第二轮饮至胃部最大充盈感	饱腹感占比
	心跳感知任务	Schandry^[33](1981)	加拿大	评估	情感、认知、人格和心理障碍	标准化测试与自我报告相结合	受试者自感心跳与标准测试心跳对比	误差分数
	心跳追踪任务	Whitehead等^[34](1977)	美国	评估	情感、认知、人格和心理障碍	标准化测试与自我报告相结合	受试者判断视、听等外部刺激何时发生以及与自己的心跳是否同步	正确反应百分比
	EITA	Yang等^[35](2022)	中国	评估	孤独症、言语障碍、运动障碍儿童和成人	标准化测试	受试者注视与心跳同步或不同步跳动的屏幕目标物，眼动仪记录眼动，判断同步性以测内感受准确性	实时心跳同步的眼动特征
意识	MAIA-1	Mehling等^[39](2012)	美国	筛查、评估、制定干预方案	疼痛障碍、情绪障碍成人	标准化量表：自我报告	32个项目，包括注意(4)、不分心(3)、不担心(3)、注意调节(7)、情感觉察(5)、自我调节(4)、身体聆听(3)和信任感(3)	0~5分
	MAIA-1	Lin等^[40](2017)	中国
	MAIA-2	Mehling等^[41](2018)	美国				37个项目，包括注意(4)、不分心(6)、不担心(5)、注意调节(7)、情感觉察(5)、自我调节(4)、身体聆听(3)和信任感(3)
	MAIA-2	Teng等^[42](2022)	中国
	CAIA	Mahler^[43](2016)	美国	筛查、评估、制定干预方案	神经发育障碍、疼痛障碍、心理创伤等，用于学校、儿科、身心医学科、神经科等	半结构化访谈标准化量表：自我报告照顾者报告
	BAQ	Shields等^[44](1989)	美国	评估	精神心理障碍等	标准化量表：自我报告	18个项目，涉及痛觉、肌肉酸胀感、体温、饥饿、疲倦感等	1~7分
	ABC	Danner等^[45](2017)	奥地利	评估	身体感知紊乱、情绪障碍等精神疾病或心理障碍	标准化量表：自我报告	身体图51个区域，涉及面部、颈腰部、胸腹部、背部、肩部等14个身体部位	身体区域涂色0~5分

Table 1

Table 2

Main structure and content of the measurement tools based on ICF"

ICF类目	内感受敏感性						内感受准确性				内感受意识
ICF类目	BPQ	BPQ-SF	BRQ	ISQ	BVS	SBC	WLT-Ⅱ	心跳感知任务	心跳追踪任务	EITA	MAIA-1/2	CAIA	BAQ	ABC
b1精神功能
b110意识功能	√					√					√	√		√
b126气质和人格功能	√		√								√
b130能量和驱力功能	√	√		√							√	√	√
b134睡眠功能												√	√
b140注意力功能	√	√	√	√	√	√					√	√
b147心理运动功能	√	√				√					√	√
b152情感功能	√		√			√					√	√	√
b156知觉功能	√			√	√	√			√	√	√	√	√	√
b164高水平认知功能	√		√								√	√	√
b180自身体验和时间体验功能	√		√	√	√	√		√	√		√	√	√
b2感觉功能和疼痛
b220与眼及其相邻结构相关的感觉	√	√			√							√
b240与听和前庭功能相关的感觉	√				√							√
b250味觉功能	√											√
b255嗅觉功能	√											√
b260本体感受功能												√		√
b265触觉功能	√	√			√	√						√		√
b270与温度和其他刺激有关的感觉功能	√	√		√								√	√
b279其他特指或未特指的辅助感觉功能	√	√										√		√
b280痛觉	√	√		√	√						√	√	√	√
b289其他特指或未特指的痛觉	√	√		√							√	√		√
b298其他特指的感觉功能和疼痛	√	√		√							√	√		√
b299感觉功能和疼痛，未特指	√	√		√							√	√		√
b4心血管、血液、免疫和呼吸系统功能
b410心脏功能	√	√		√	√			√	√	√
b450辅助呼吸功能	√	√
b455运动耐受功能	√			√								√	√
b460与心血管和呼吸功能相关的感觉	√	√			√	√		√	√		√	√
b5消化、代谢和内分泌系统功能
b510摄入功能	√	√		√			√					√	√
b515消化功能	√	√					√					√	√
b525排便功能	√	√										√
b535与消化系统相关的感觉	√	√		√	√		√					√	√
b545水、矿物质和电解质平衡功能	√	√			√
b6泌尿生殖和生育功能
b630与泌尿功能相关的感觉	√				√							√
b670与生殖和生育功能相关的感觉						√
b7神经肌肉骨骼和运动有关的功能
b755不随意运动反应功能	√	√
b780与肌肉和运动功能有关的感觉	√	√											√	√
b8皮肤功能
b830皮肤的其他功能	√	√			√	√
d1学习和应用知识
d110看	√			√					√	√				√
d115 听	√								√					√
d120 其他有目的的感觉	√
d160 集中注意力	√	√			√						√
d4活动	√
d410 改变身体的基本姿势	√										√
e2自然环境和对环境的人为改变
e240 光线												√		√
e245 与时间有关的变化			√	√	√	√					√	√	√	√
e250 声音											√	√		√
合计	39	23	6	15	15	11	3	3	6	3	18	31	14	15

Table 2

Table 3

Psychometric properties of the interception assessment tools"

工具	研究	心理测量学特性		信度评价			内容效度评价			结构效度评价	效标效度评价	合格率
工具	研究	信度	效度	内部一致性	稳定性	测量误差	相关性	全面性	可理解性	结构效度评价	效标效度评价	合格率
内感受敏感性
BPQ-SF	Cabrera等^[28](2018)	ω = 0.71~0.97 r = 0.96~0.99	RMSEA = 0.050 CFI = 0.96 TLI = 0.95 CV = 0.42~0.65 EFA = 0.57~0.76	合格	非常好	非常好	非常好	合格	合格	非常好	模糊	7/8
BPQ-SF	Cabrera等^[28](2018)	ω = 0.68~0.92 r = 0.97	EFA = 0.66~0.76	合格	非常好	合格	非常好	合格	合格	模糊	模糊	6/8
BPQ-SF-C	Wang等^[48](2020)	ω = 0.93~0.94 r = 0.78	RMSEA = 0.060 CFI = 0.90 TLI = 0.90 FL = 0.34~0.82	非常好	合格	合格	合格	合格	合格	合格	未报告	7/8
BPQ-SF-C	Wang等^[48](2020)	ω = 0.84 r = 0.68	FL = 0.57~0.69 r = 0.94	合格	不合格	合格	合格	合格	合格	合格	非常好	7/8
BRQ	Tihanyi等^[47](2017)	α = 0.82~0.83	EFA = 0.520~0.910	合格	未报告	模糊	合格	模糊	模糊	合格	模糊	3/8
ISQ	Suzman等^[49](2021)	α = 0.96	EFA = 0.644~0.841 CV = -0.33~0.76	非常好	合格	未报告	合格	合格	合格	合格	未报告	6/8
BVS	Schmidt等^[26](1997)	α = 0.82~0.84	FL > 0.5 r = -0.44~0.53	合格	模糊	未报告	合格	模糊	模糊	模糊	不合格	2/8
SBC	Price等^[27](2007)	α = 0.72~0.86	RMSEA = 0.040~0.080 CFI = 0.81~0.98 TLI = 0.79~0.97	合格	模糊	模糊	合格	合格	合格	非常好	未报告	5/8
内感受准确性
WLT-Ⅱ	Van Dyck等^[32](2016)	α = 0.8~0.87 r = 0.47	FL = 0.67~0.79	合格	不合格	合格	模糊	合格	模糊	合格	未报告	4/8
心跳感知任务	Schandry^[33](1981)		估计心率与实际心率呈正相关(r > 0.7)	合格	合格	未报告	模糊	模糊	模糊	不合格	未报告	2/8
心跳追踪任务	Whitehead等^[34](1977)		正确率0.90	未报告	模糊	模糊	合格	模糊	合格	合格	模糊	3/8
EITA	Yang等^[35](2021)			未报告	合格	未报告	模糊	模糊	模糊	模糊	模糊	1/8
内感受意识
MAIA-1	Mehling等^[39](2012)	α = 0.66~0.82	RMSEA = 0.06 CFI = 0.89 r = 0.09~0.60	合格	非常好	合格	合格	合格	合格	合格	非常好	8/8
MAIA1-C	Lin等^[40](2017)	α = 0.91	RMSEA = 0.065~0.076 CFI = 0.95~0.96 r = 0.60~0.85	非常好	非常好	合格	合格	合格	合格	非常好	合格	8/8
MAIA-2	Mehling等^[41](2018)	α = 0.64~0.83	RMSEA = 0.055 CFI = 0.860	合格	合格	合格	合格	合格	合格	合格	未报告	7/8
MAIA-2C	Teng等^[42](2022)	α = 0.82	RMSEA = 0.060 CFI = 0.890 SRMR = 0.081	合格	合格	合格	合格	合格	合格	合格	模糊	7/8
BAQ	Shields等^[44](1989)	α = 0.89 r = 0.83	r = 0.69~0.84	合格	合格	合格	合格	合格	合格	合格	合格	8/8
ABC	Danner等^[45](2017)	α = 0.64~0.97 r = 0.71~0.96	r = 0.66 FL = 0.45~0.92	合格	模糊	未报告	非常好	合格	合格	合格	不合格	5/8

Table 3

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Structure, content and psychometric properties of assessment tools for interoceptive function: a scoping review based on COSMIN and ICF

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