0~3岁发育障碍婴幼儿家庭早期教育和康复的政策架构与支持系统研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2025.03.009

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To explore the policy foundations of early family education and rehabilitation support systems for children with developmental disabilities aged zero to three years, based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and to construct a comprehensive, whole-person and whole-lifecycle support system integrating early childhood education and rehabilitation services for families; and to propose corresponding system architecture, construction pathways and governance models.

Methods Policy documents were compared, which were related to children's rehabilitation from the World Health Organization, early education guidelines for children with disabilities from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the U.S. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, European Union children's rehabilitation policies, and the "14th Five-Year Plan" from China Disabled Persons' Federation. The related policy frameworks and key content of early family education and rehabilitation were reviewed, and the composition, implementation pathways and governance models of the support system were systymatically analyzed.

Results The support system consisted of early screening and assessment, family education and parent training, counseling and personalized education and rehabilitation support, community support and resource integration, and remote digital support platforms. The study proposed the implementation pathways for five systems, including early screening and assessment, family education and parent training, counseling and personalized rehabilitation support, community support and resource integration, and remote digital support platforms. It emphasized governance mechanisms such as multidisciplinary collaboration, interdepartmental coordination and support from remote digital platforms to build a continuous service chain from standardized assessments to interdepartmental collaboration.

Conclusion The person-centered approach and whole life span development concept based on the ICF model, as well as the guiding principles of the health services continuum, provide systematic theoretical and policy support for early childhood education and rehabilitation for children with developmental disabilities aged zero to three years. Through multidisciplinary collaboration, interdepartmental coordination and the application of digital platforms, a scientific, continuous and child-centered support system can be built. This not only facilitates early detection and precise intervention but also promotes multi-party collaboration among families, communities and professional institutions. It will further integrate disability prevention, rehabilitation and healthcare services, thereby improving children's functional abilities and family quality of life.

Key words: infants, toddlers, developmental impairment, family education, rehabilitation, support system

CLC Number:

R197

ZHU Chenchen, LIAO Sisi, LIU Yue, PAN Jianming, ZHU Zhulin, XIA Bihua, XIE Ying. Policy framework and support systems for early family education and rehabilitation for infants and toddlers with developmental impairments[J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2025, 31(3): 324-330.

Figures/Tables 3

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

References 29

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重要政策	政策内容摘要	对支持系统的意义和实施指导
WHO儿童康复政策^[6]	强调早期检测、及时干预与综合康复服务，推广健康体检与功能评估	提供国际标准，确保早期筛查与干预具备科学性，为家庭和社区措施设计提供依据
UNESCO残疾儿童早期教育指导意见^[7]	倡导包容性教育，保障残疾儿童接受早期教育和康复训练，强调家庭、学校及社区联动	强调多层次干预网络建设，推动家庭、学校与社区协同作用，实现服务融合
IDEA^[8]	要求为所有儿童提供免费早期干预服务，制定个性化教育计划，推动多学科协同干预	为个性化康复方案和家庭中心干预提供具体操作模式和实践标准
欧盟儿童康复与早期干预政策^[9]	推动区域内康复服务标准化和连续性，实现跨部门协调，促进康复、教育与社会支持无缝衔接	促进健康服务连续体构建，实现残疾预防、康复与保健服务有机融合
中国残联“十四五”规划(儿童康复与教育部分)^[10]	明确要求加强残疾儿童康复和早期教育，重点支持基层康复服务和家庭干预，同时推动信息化管理	为早期干预体系构建提供政策和资金支持，促进家庭、社区与专业机构协同发展

模块	主要内容	目标功能	关键措施与实施策略
早期筛查和评估系统	标准化体检、神经行为评估、发育量表、家长访谈	及早检测异常，提供客观数据支持	定期体检、电子健康档案、远程数据采集与大数据分析
家庭教育和家长培训系统	家长培训课程、家访辅导、在线教育平台、案例分享	提升家长干预能力，构建支持性家庭环境	线下培训班、家访指导、网络课程及互动问答
咨询和个性化康复支持系统	多学科联合制定康复方案，涵盖语言、运动、认知、社交等领域	个性化制定康复目标，促进儿童功能提升	成立联合干预团队、周期性评估反馈、动态调整康复计划
社区支持和资源整合系统	建设早期发展服务中心、专家巡诊、亲子活动、跨部门资源共享平台	实现家庭与专业机构无缝对接，扩展服务覆盖面	政府牵头、跨部门协作、定期专家下沉、社区活动组织
远程数字支持平台系统	移动APP、电子健康档案、在线培训、远程视频会议与数据管理	提高服务响应速度和管理精准度，实时监控干预效果	开发用户友好型APP、数据管理系统、远程互动平台及大数据预警技术

阶段	主要任务	关键措施与实施策略
系统规划与资源整合	制定总体规划、明确目标与服务范围；整合专家、设备及资金资源	地方政府牵头，联合多部门制定规划；建立资源数据库，形成跨部门协作机制
标准化评估体系建设	开发适用于0~3岁儿童的多维评估工具；实现数据采集与集中管理	依据ICF模式开发评估量表；利用远程信息平台建立电子健康档案
家庭与社区干预服务体系构建	制定家长培训方案、开展家访及亲子活动；建立区域早期发展服务中心	组织线下培训班与家访辅导；建设社区服务中心，定期开展专家巡诊及现场指导
咨询与个性化教育与康复支持系统实施	制定个性化康复方案，明确康复目标；建立周期性评估与反馈机制	多学科专家团队联合制定康复计划；定期评估反馈，动态调整方案
远程数字支持平台构建与应用	开发移动APP与在线咨询系统；实现数据管理、远程培训和实时互动	开发用户友好型平台；建立大数据分析与预警系统；定期在线培训和视频会议
运行监督与效果评估阶段	建立监督评估机制；定期召开评估会议，收集反馈并优化系统	设立专门监督小组；利用数据分析和家长反馈持续改进系统

Policy framework and support systems for early family education and rehabilitation for infants and toddlers with developmental impairments

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