社区不同跌倒风险老年人跨越障碍的步态运动学特征分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2020.01.020

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To explore the kinematics characteristics of obstacle crossing in old people with high or low falling risks in Community.
Methods From July to September, 2016, 27 old persons in community were divided into high falling risk group (H group, n = 15) and low fall risk group (L group, n = 12) according to the performance of Timed "Up and Go" Test and Five Times Sit to Stand Test. The kinematics characteristics were analyzed with Ariel Performance Analysis System as obstacle crossing.
Results The total time of crossing and the swing time of crossing legs were longer in H group than in L group (t > 2.073, P < 0.05), and the maximum height of standardized centre of mass was less in H group than in L group ( t = -2.014, P < 0.05). As the crossing leg was just above the obstacle, the angle of knee of crossing leg was more in H group than in L group ( t > 2.106, P < 0.05), the velocity of hip of crossing leg was less in H group than in L group ( t = -2.119, P < 0.05), and the acceleration of ankle of swinging leg was less in H group than in L group ( t = -3.038, P < 0.05).
Conclusion When the old people cross the obstacle, they trend to fall if they spend more time to overcome, lower in mass centre, in less speed of crossing hip and less acceleration of swinging ankle.

Key words: aged, fall, obstacle crossing, gait

CLC Number:

R592

MENG Zhan-ling,ZHANG Qing-lai,LIU Chang-ya. Gait Characteristics in Old People with Various Risks of Falling as Obstacle Crossing in Community[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2020, 26(1): 110-114.

Figures/Tables 6

References 36

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组别	n	TUGT	FTSST
L组	12	12.53±0.62	11.92±0.51
H组	15	14.28±0.97	15.23±0.49
t值		5.421	17.113
P值		< 0.001	< 0.001

组别	n	跨越腿摆动时间	摆动腿摆动时间	跨越总时间
L组	12	0.28±0.04	0.27±0.03	0.60±0.06
H组	15	0.31±0.06	0.29±0.02	0.66±0.07
t值		2.073	1.869	2.215
P值		0.044	0.071	0.038

组别	n	跨越步长	跨越腿摆动净高度	摆动腿摆动净高度	最大质心高度
L组	12	0.36±0.04	0.10±0.02	0.11±0.03	0.58±0.02
H组	15	0.35±0.03	0.09±0.02	0.07±0.02	0.52±0.11
t值		-0.737	-0.914	-1.381	-2.014
P值		0.472	0.369	0.194	0.039

部位		L组(n = 12)	H组(n = 15)	t值	P值
跨越腿	髋关节	145.42±8.74	146.80±13.66	0.304	0.762
	膝关节	123.92±7.99	135.00±18.33	2.106	0.038
	踝关节	92.92±9.02	97.93±9.60	1.331	0.203
摆动腿	髋关节	169.75±4.85	172.33±5.80	1.242	0.227
	膝关节	113.42±10.01	130.00±24.77	2.364	0.033
	踝关节	121.42±13.78	117.27±16.37	-0.701	0.492
t₁值		-7.534	-6.352
P₁值		< 0.001	< 0.001
t₂值		2.721	0.628
P₂值		0.023	0.535
t₃值		-5.684	-3.623
P₃值		< 0.001	0.003

部位		L组(n = 12)	H组(n = 15)	t值	P值
跨越腿	髋关节	0.86±0.50	0.52±0.23	-2.119	0.041
	膝关节	1.02±0.46	0.84±0.40	-1.082	0.288
	踝关节	2.40±0.97	1.71±0.91	-1.924	0.072
	质心	0.78±0.29	0.64±0.27	-1.246	0.217
摆动腿	髋关节	1.25±0.55	1.08±0.50	-0.840	0.411
	膝关节	2.31±0.72	1.82±0.61	-1.908	0.073
	踝关节	2.03±0.66	1.65±0.68	-1.444	0.162
	质心	0.94±0.28	0.80±0.28	-1.291	0.209
t₁值		-4.408	-4.604
P₁值		< 0.001	< 0.001
t₂值		-4.542	-5.228
P₂值		< 0.001	< 0.001
t₃值		1.092	0.205
P₃值		0.287	0.839
t₄值		-3.161	-2.364
P₄值		0.009	0.032

Gait Characteristics in Old People with Various Risks of Falling as Obstacle Crossing in Community

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部位		L组(n = 12)	H组(n = 15)	t值	P值
跨越腿	髋关节	27.87±14.33	23.27±13.46	-0.861	0.403
	膝关节	29.30±19.23	28.06±17.11	-0.177	0.858
	踝关节	22.19±16.61	27.89±21.83	0.752	0.455
	质心	12.11±9.61	20.07±12.48	1.821	0.079
摆动腿	髋关节	21.53±11.69	22.85±14.11	0.264	0.795
	膝关节	21.44±12.66	25.72±10.85	0.953	0.352
	踝关节	37.80±23.22	16.17±9.32	-3.038	0.012
	质心	16.94±8.28	17.68±8.71	0.221	0.826
t₁值		1.187	0.083
P₁值		0.248	0.934
t₂值		1.183	0.447
P₂值		0.249	0.658
t₃值		-1.894	1.912
P₃值		0.071	0.066
t₄值		-1.319	0.608
P₄值		0.201	0.548

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