听力障碍儿童认知抑制特征分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2025.07.013

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the characteristics of cognitive inhibition in children with hearing impairment and the impact of different types of materials on their cognitive inhibition.

Methods From June, 2024 to January, 2025, 21 children with hearing impairment from Liaocheng Special Education School and 20 typically developing children from Guotun Town Central Primary School in Yanggu County, Liaocheng were randomly selected. A directed forgetting task was used in a mixed experimental design. The experimental procedure was presented using Eprime 3.0, and recall performance was recorded through paper-and-pencil tests.

Results Three children with hearing impairment and two typically developing children were dropped down. The children with hearing impairment scored significantly lower on recall tasks than the typically developing children (F = 13.545, P < 0.001). In the typically developing children, recall performance under the memory condition was significantly lower than under the forgetting condition (P < 0.001). In the children with hearing impairment, there was no significant difference in recall performance between the memory condition and the forgetting condition (P > 0.05). Regardless of whether the materials were letters or figures, all the children showed significantly higher recall scores under the forgetting condition compared to the memory condition (P < 0.01).

Conclusion Children with hearing impairment exhibit weaker cognitive inhibition compared to typically developing children. The type of materials doesn't impact individuals' cognitive inhibition performance.

Key words: hearing impairment, children, cognitive inhibition, material type, encoding mode

CLC Number:

R764

CAI Yonggang, ZHANG Teng, LIU Tianqin, WANG Jianfen, GAO Xiaohui, DU Xiaoxin. Cognitive inhibition characteristics of children with hearing impairment[J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2025, 31(7): 853-861.

Figures/Tables 6

Figure 1

Table 1

Table 2

Results of repeated measures ANOVA for recall scores in two groups"

变异来源	平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P值
组别	33.135	1	33.135	13.545	< 0.001
材料类型	0.282	1	0.282	0.252	0.619
试验条件	126.668	2	63.334	58.367	< 0.001
组别 $×$ 材料类型	30.676	1	30.676	27.478	< 0.001
组别 $×$ 试验条件	15.240	2	7.620	7.022	0.002
材料类型 $×$ 试验条件	7.498	2	3.749	5.192	0.008
组别 $×$ 材料类型 $×$ 试验条件	0.930	2	0.465	0.644	0.528

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

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组别	n	试验条件	字母材料		图形材料
组别	n	试验条件	均数	标准差	均数	标准差
普通儿童	18	控制条件	4.90	0.27	3.64	0.21
		TBR条件	2.40	0.30	1.82	0.25
		TBF条件	3.81	0.24	3.17	0.27
听力障碍儿童	18	控制条件	3.40	0.27	3.50	0.21
		TBR条件	1.60	0.30	2.30	0.25
		TBF条件	1.40	0.24	2.60	0.27

因素			均值差	P值	95%CI
材料类型	组别		均值差	P值	下限	上限
字母	听力障碍儿童	普通儿童	-1.537	< 0.001	-2.104	-0.970
图形	听力障碍儿童	普通儿童	-0.030	0.899	-0.503	0.443

因素			均值差	P值	95%CI
组别	试验条件		均值差	P值	下限	上限
听力障碍儿童	控制条件	TBR条件	1.561	< 0.001	0.884	2.238
	控制条件	TBF条件	1.483	< 0.001	0.842	2.125
	TBR条件	TBF条件	-0.078	0.975	-0.597	0.442
普通儿童	控制条件	TBR条件	2.161	< 0.001	1.484	2.838
	控制条件	TBF条件	0.783	0.013	0.142	1.425
	TBR条件	TBF条件	-1.378	< 0.001	-1.897	-0.858

因素			均值差	P值	95%CI
材料类型	试验条件		均值差	P值	下限	上限
字母	控制条件	TBR条件	2.189	< 0.001	1.551	2.826
	控制条件	TBF条件	1.572	< 0.001	0.963	2.182
	TBR条件	TBF条件	-0.617	0.009	-1.101	-0.132
图形	控制条件	TBR条件	1.533	< 0.001	0.988	2.079
	控制条件	TBF条件	0.694	0.009	0.150	1.239
	TBR条件	TBF条件	-0.839	< 0.001	-1.380	-0.298

Cognitive inhibition characteristics of children with hearing impairment

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