《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》 ›› 2021, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (9): 1006-1016.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2021.09.003
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YANG Si-chuang1,2,TANG Xiu-qi2,3,QIU Fu-bing1,2(),LI An-qiao1,2,CHEN Lin4,WANG Shu-yun5
Received:
2021-08-21
Revised:
2021-08-30
Published:
2021-09-25
Online:
2021-10-09
Contact:
QIU Fu-bing
E-mail:13902932056@163.com
Supported by:
YANG Si-chuang,TANG Xiu-qi,QIU Fu-bing,LI An-qiao,CHEN Lin,WANG Shu-yun. Framework and Core Content of International Policy on Service of Assistive Technology[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2021, 27(9): 1006-1016.
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文件 | 相关领域政策 | 内容分析 |
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《残疾人权利公约》 | 公约的宗旨是促进、保护和确保所有残疾人充分和平等地享有一切人权和基本自由,并促进对残疾人固有尊严的尊重 向残疾人提供无障碍信息,介绍助行器具、用品和辅助技术,包括新技术,并介绍其他形式的协助、支助服务和设施 从事或促进研究和开发适合残疾人的新技术,并促进提供和使用这些新技术,包括信息和通信技术、助行器具、用品、辅助技术,优先考虑价格低廉的技术 便利残疾人获得优质的助行器具、用品、辅助技术以及各种形式的现场协助和中介,包括以低廉费用提供这些服务 鼓励生产助行器具、用品和辅助技术的实体考虑残疾人行动能力的各个方面 | 保障残疾人基本人权和自由,为残疾人提供辅助器具及服务 辅助产品的政策架构是保障残疾人权利的重要组成部分,应推动辅具研究及生产,提供高质、价廉的辅助技术及服务 |
《世界残疾报告》 | 倡导提高辅助技术及服务的可及性与可负担性,政策建议: 应提高残疾人意识,使用当地材料在当地制造或组装辅助产品,扩大生产和采购的规模,降低辅助产品的关税和进口税,以降低经济成本 利用信息、通信和相关技术进行远程康复,例如心脏监护仪 | 改革与康复服务相关的政策和法律,建立康复资助机制,培训辅助技术专业人员,提高获得辅助器具的机会,满足残疾人需求,建立一个融合性、使残疾人发挥能力的社会 |
《2014—2021年全球残疾问题行动计划》 | 行动计划的整体目的是促进实现所有残疾人的最佳健康、功能、福祉和人权 要求加强和推广康复、适应训练、辅助技术、援助和支持性服务以及以社区为基础的康复。应提供充分的财力资源,确保提供适当的适应训练和康复服务以及辅助技术 提供安全、优质和可负担的适当辅助技术 获得所需辅助技术(例如助听器、眼镜、假肢和/或矫正器)的残疾人比例应作为康复领域的参考指标 | 要求构建以人为本的辅助技术服务体系,在多部门/社区康复的基础上满足残疾人的健康保健需求,实现全民健康覆盖 |
《联合国2030可持续发展议程》 | 目标3:确保健康的生活方式,促进各年龄段人群的福祉 目标3.8:实现全民健康保障,包括提供金融风险保护,人人享有优质的基本保健服务,人人获得安全、有效、优质和负担得起的基本药品和疫苗 | 实现包括辅助技术在内的全民健康覆盖 |
《康复2030:行动呼吁》 | 建立全面的康复服务提供模式,逐步使所有人口,包括农村和边远地区的人口,平等获得优质服务,包括辅助产品 | 将辅助技术纳入基本医疗技术的范畴;将辅助技术纳入公共卫生服务 |
《健康服务体系中的康复》《健康服务体系中的康复:行动指南》 | 对辅助产品的最佳实践说明:应实施筹资和采购政策确保每位有需求的人都能获得辅助产品;应向辅助产品的使用者提供适当的培训 应在健康服务体系下,发展辅助技术服务,涉及筹资、专业人员培训、服务提供、信息系统 | 正式将辅助技术及服务纳入医药技术范畴 政府制定并采用优先辅助产品清单;保证辅助产品支出,提高辅助产品服务有效性 |
WHA 71.8号决议 | 要求成员国酌情制定、执行和加强政策和方案 确保各级卫生系统和社会服务机构都有足够、训练有素的人力资源来提供和维护辅助产品 确保辅助技术用户及其护理人员能够获得最合适的辅助产品,并安全有效地使用这些产品 制定国家优先辅助产品清单;促进或投资于研究、开发、创新和产品设计,鼓励国际和/或区域合作,以制造、采购和供应优先辅助产品 收集基于人口的健康和长期护理需求数据,包括辅助技术可能满足的需求,投资和促进包容性无障碍环境 促进将优先辅助产品和包容性无障碍环境纳入应急准备和响应方案 获得和使用辅助技术是一项基本人权。改善辅助技术的获取需要基于个人、政策、产品、人员、服务提供五个相互关联的领域,建立以人为本的辅助技术生态系统 | 将辅助技术纳入全民健康覆盖是保护最有辅助技术需求者的关键步骤,应加大政府支持,提高人力资源能力,集中相关投资,在全民健康覆盖范围内,特别是在初级卫生保健层面,提供辅助技术服务 |
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健康服务体系中的康复构成要素 | 辅助技术服务相关内容 |
---|---|
领导力与治理能力 | 获得辅助技术服务是一项基本人权 服务的重点人群是残疾人、老年人和非传染性疾病患者 辅助技术属于基本健康产品,是全民健康覆盖不可或缺的组成部分 |
筹资 | 辅助技术是一项更具有参与性的社会投资 确定有效的融资机制,满足用户需求,保护用户免受经济困难影响 |
人力资源 | 使用WHO辅助技术培训模块对人员进行培训,以扩大辅助技术各级人员队伍 提升康复从业人员的工作在辅助技术领域有跨学科专业的工作胜任力,为患者提供跨学科不同领域的康复服务能力 |
服务提供 | 扩大提供辅助技术的范围和覆盖面,尤其在初级卫生层面,确保各级卫生系统能提供足够的辅助技术服务 发展和加强辅助技术转介网络和机制,确保在服务提供点有足够数量的辅助器具 |
辅助产品 | 参考WHO《重点辅助器具清单》制定国家重点辅助器具清单 建立标准和监管机制,确保提供高质量和可负担的辅助器具 |
健康信息系统 | 全面收集数据以统计康复服务需求,制定相应的辅助技术发展战略和政策 加强辅助技术领域信息收集,建立及时监测和评价系统,确保能提供高质量、可负担的产品和服务 |
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