Abstract:

Objective To investigate the characteristics of the relative electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectrum in cerebral infarction patients with different lesion locations and neurological deficit severities.
Methods From February, 2024 to May, 2025, 70 patients with cerebral infarction who completed EEG examinations at Shijiazhuang People's Hospital were enrolled. They were divided into cortical group (n = 19) and subcortical group (n = 51) based on admission MRI/CT imaging, and divided into mild group (n = 53) and moderate-to-severe group (n = 17) according to the scores of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Barthel Index. All patients underwent 32-channel video-EEG monitoring. The power spectral density of α and θ waves, and the (δ + θ)/(α + β) ratio (DTABR) were analyzed in eight electrodes of F3, F4, P3, P4, T3, T4, O1 and O2.
Results DTABR was higher in the cortical group than in the subcortical group across all eight electrodes (|Z| ≥ 2.047, P < 0.05), while the relative power decreased in α waves (|Z| ≥ 1.968, P < 0.05), and increased in θ waves (|Z| ≥ 1.988, P < 0.05) in the cortical group. DTABR was higher in the moderate-to-severe group than in the mild group (|Z| ≥ 2.263, P < 0.05).
Conclusion Elevated DTABR suggests cortical involvement or more severe neurological impairment, and decreased α wave and increased θ wave activity are primarily observed in patients with cortical lesions, potentially serving as EEG indicators for identifying cortical involvement.

Key words: cerebral infarction, electroencephalogram, neurological deficit, focus