自理能力分层视角下辅助器具质量满意度子维度异质性研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2026.04.011

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To explore the differences in attention to the sub-dimensions of satisfaction with the quality of assistive devices among people with different self-care abilities in China, identify the key driving factors, and provide a basis for the precision design and service provision of assistive devices.

Methods Based on the 2023 national survey data, involving 14 030 people with functional impairments, self-care ability was taken as the core independent variable, eight sub-dimensions of satisfaction as dependent variables, and variables such as gender, age, educational level and residential type were controlled. Univariate analysis was performed using Chi-square test with Bonferroni correction, and a binary Logistic regression model was constructed to identify influencing factors. Meanwhile, reliability and validity tests, endogeneity tests (instrumental variable method and propensity score matching) and heterogeneity tests were conducted.

Results Among the eight satisfaction sub-dimensions, six presented significant inter-group differences, with Bonferroni correction (threshold = 0.00625). Following binary Logistic regression and endogeneity correction, significant inter-group heterogeneity was confirmed in dimensions such as size and shape. For the affordability dimension, the main effect of self-care ability was not statistically significant, yet prominent urban-rural heterogeneity was observed. Specifically, taking the fully independent (self-care) group as the reference, the fully dependent group attached significantly greater importance to safety (B = 0.253, P < 0.001), comfort (B = 0.153, P = 0.001) and ease of use (B = 0.316, P < 0.001); the partially dependent group showed the highest level of attention to lightweight (B = 0.094, P = 0.027) and durability (B = 0.254, P < 0.001); and the fully independent group demonstrated a relatively stronger preference for aesthetics.

Conclusion Stratified functional demands, driven by self-care ability, exist in the satisfaction of individuals with functional impairments with assistive devices in China. The policy formulation and product design of assistive devices should shift to a precision-oriented paradigm: prioritize the guarantee of safety, comfort and ease of use for fully dependent groups, optimize lightweight performance and durability for partially dependent groups, enhance aesthetics and social acceptance for fully independent groups, roll out price subsidy policies for urban price-sensitive groups, and strengthen the supply of core functional services for rural groups. This approach will comprehensively improve the adaptation effectiveness of assistive devices and the well-being of users.

Key words: assistive devices, self-care ability, heterogeneity of satisfaction, demand stratification

CLC Number:

R496

JIANG Hua, PAN Zhuowen, YAN Mei, DONG Liquan. Heterogeneity of sub-dimensions of satisfaction with the quality of assistive devices from the perspective of self-care ability stratification[J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2026, 32(4): 473-481.

Figures/Tables 7

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References 40

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变量类别	变量符号	变量名称	变量定义	均值	标准差	最小值	最大值
被解释变量	q1r1	舒适	是否将舒适视为满意原因，1=是，0=否，下同	0.549	0.498	0	1
	q1r2	轻便	是否将轻便视为满意原因	0.485	0.500	0	1
	q1r3	美观	是否将美观视为满意原因	0.173	0.379	0	1
	q1r4	安全	是否将安全视为满意原因	0.452	0.498	0	1
	q1r5	耐用	是否将耐用视为满意原因	0.363	0.481	0	1
	q1r6	使用简单	是否将使用简单视为满意原因	0.373	0.484	0	1
	q1r7	尺寸/形状	是否将尺寸/形状视为满意原因	0.208	0.406	0	1
	q1r8	价格合适	是否将价格合适视为满意原因	0.067	0.250	0	1
核心解释变量	health_num	自理程度	1=能自理，2=部分自理，3=不能自理	2.028	0.796	1	3
控制变量	gender_num	性别	0=男，1=女	0.427	0.494	0	1
	age_num	年龄	1=18岁以下，2=18~40岁，3=41-60岁，4=60~80岁，5=80岁以上	3.227	1.000	1	5
	edu_num	文化程度	1=小学及以下，2=初中，3=高中或中专，4=大专，5=本科，6=硕士及以上	1.847	1.022	1	6
	residence_num	居住地类型	0=农村，1=城镇	0.304	0.460	0	1

自理能力	非常不满意	不满意	一般	满意	非常满意	合计
能自理	16	25	261	1053	2902	4257
部分自理	9	34	291	1349	3436	5119
不能自理	15	32	283	1209	3115	4654
总计	40	91	835	3611	9453	14030

子维度	能自理/%	部分自理/%	不能自理/%	χ²值	P值	校正后P值显著 (P < 0.00625)
舒适	52.20	54.87	57.48	25.055	< 0.001	yes
轻便	47.24	50.63	47.40	14.295	0.001	yes
美观	18.04	18.13	15.81	11.240	0.004	yes
安全	41.04	46.36	47.83	45.515	< 0.001	yes
耐用	33.03	39.13	36.25	37.417	< 0.001	yes
使用简单	33.19	37.80	40.50	51.674	< 0.001	yes
尺寸/形状	19.33	21.57	21.31	8.136	0.017	no
价格合适	7.54	6.62	5.93	9.289	0.010	no

自理能力	满意度子维度	系数	标准误	OR值	95%CI	P值
部分自理	舒适	0.054	0.043	1.055	0.970~1.147	0.210
	轻便	0.094	0.043	1.098	1.011~1.194	0.027
	美观	-0.013	0.055	0.988	0.886~1.100	0.821
	安全	0.188	0.043	1.206	1.109~1.312	< 0.001
	耐用	0.254	0.044	1.289	1.182~1.406	< 0.001
	使用简单	0.200	0.045	1.221	1.119~1.332	< 0.001
	尺寸/形状	0.160	0.053	1.173	1.057~1.302	0.003
	价格合适	-0.070	0.083	0.932	0.792~1.097	0.398
不能自理	舒适	0.153	0.045	1.166	1.067~1.273	0.001
	轻便	-0.035	0.045	0.965	0.884~1.054	0.431
	美观	-0.187	0.060	0.829	0.738~0.932	0.002
	安全	0.253	0.045	1.287	1.179~1.406	0.000
	耐用	0.128	0.047	1.136	1.037~1.246	0.006
	使用简单	0.316	0.047	1.372	1.252~1.503	< 0.001
	尺寸/形状	0.124	0.060	1.132	1.015~1.263	0.026
	价格合适	-0.179	0.090	0.837	0.701~0.999	0.048
性别	舒适	-0.074	0.035	0.929	0.867~0.995	0.036
	轻便	-0.075	0.035	0.928	0.866~0.994	0.034
	美观	-0.113	0.046	0.893	0.815~0.977	0.014
	安全	-0.047	0.035	0.954	0.890~1.022	0.182
	耐用	-0.107	0.037	0.899	0.837~0.966	0.004
	使用简单	0.038	0.036	1.039	0.967~1.115	0.297
	尺寸/形状	-0.061	0.043	0.941	0.864~1.024	0.158
	价格合适	0.001	0.069	1.001	0.874~1.147	0.986
居住地类型	舒适	-0.190	0.040	0.827	0.765~0.894	0.000
	轻便	-0.011	0.040	0.990	0.916~1.069	0.790
	美观	-0.028	0.052	0.972	0.878~1.075	0.581
	安全	-0.119	0.040	0.888	0.822~0.960	0.003
	耐用	-0.045	0.041	0.956	0.882~1.037	0.277
	使用简单	-0.067	0.041	0.935	0.863~1.013	0.102
	尺寸/形状	0.046	0.048	1.047	0.952~1.151	0.346
	价格合适	0.353	0.075	1.423	1.228~1.649	< 0.001

满意度子维度	不能自理(处理组)
满意度子维度	系数	Z值	P值
舒适	1.623	24.35	< 0.001
轻便	1.376	15.93	< 0.001
美观	1.144	8.73	< 0.001
安全	1.496	18.06	< 0.001
耐用	1.592	23.11	< 0.001
使用简单	1.381	13.98	< 0.001
尺寸/形状	1.538	17.71	< 0.001
价格合适	0.013	0.05	0.960

Heterogeneity of sub-dimensions of satisfaction with the quality of assistive devices from the perspective of self-care ability stratification

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满意度子维度	平均处理效应	P值	协变量平均偏差变化
舒适	0.028	< 0.05	15.8→0
轻便	0.031	< 0.05	14.5→0
美观	0.021	< 0.05	13.2→0
安全	0.056	< 0.001	16.7→0
耐用	0.061	< 0.001	17.1→0
使用简单	0.035	< 0.05	12.9→0
尺寸/形状	0.029	< 0.05	11.8→0
价格合适	-0.011	> 0.05	10.3→0

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异质性维度	交互项	系数	标准误	Z值	P > \|Z\|	联合检验
性别	部分自理	-0.075	0.063	-1.07	0.286	chi2(2)=1.47/0.480
性别	不能自理	-0.835	0.806	-0.55	0.582	chi2(2)=1.47/0.480
城乡	部分自理	0.030	0.098	0.03	0.976	chi2(2)=5.34/0.069
城乡	不能自理	0.242	0.102	2.01	0.045	chi2(2)=5.34/0.069