身体活动改善超重儿童神经认知功能的系统综述

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2022.04.008

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To explore the affect of physical activity on neurocognitive function of overweight children.Methods The literatures about the effect of physical activity on neurocognitive function of overweight children were retrieved with subjected retrieval method in CNKI, VIP, Wanfang database, PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO databases from January, 2000 to January, 2022. The authors, countries, published years, ages of subjects, research methods, intervention time, measurement tools and measurement indicators were extracted.Results Twelve articles were selected finally. These articles came from United States, Italy, Belgium and China, were mainly published in journals of psychology, clinical medicine, neuroscience, physical education. The study design included randomized controlled trials and pre-post-trial. The mean PEDro score was 6.67. The types of physical activity included fitness, skills and sports activities. The overweight children participating in physical activities could benefit from cognition and brain plasticity. On the cognition, physical activity could improve attention, memory, inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility. In terms of brain plasticity, physical activity could improve the integrity of brain white matter, increase hippocampal volume, enhance brain activation and brain network connectivity.Conclusion Physical activity is a simple and effective form of exercise. It can improve not only attention, memory, executive function and other cognitive functions, but also brain structure and brain function in overweight children. The mechanism of cognition, the interaction between physical activity and other factors, and the dose-relationship between physical activity and cognitive benefits still need to be explored in the future.

Key words: physical activity, overweight, children, cognition, brain, systematic review

ZHONG Xiaoke,ZHANG Ji,WANG Zhipeng,JIANG Changhao. Effect of physical activity on neurocognitive function of overweight children: a systematic review[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2022, 28(4): 421-428.

Figures/Tables 4

纳入文献	国家	年龄/岁	n	设计	干预方式	干预时间	干预地点	干预效果	测量工具
Chou等^[19] (2020)	中国	10~12	44(实验组) 40(对照组)	RCT	跑步、跳绳、足球、篮球	每次40 min,每周3次,共8周	学校	注意、执行功能提高	测定试验Stroop
Gallotta等^[20] (2015)	意大利	8~11	56(实验组1) 59(实验组2) 41(对照组)	RCT	排球、篮球、体操	每次1 h,每周2次,共5个月	学校	注意提高	d2-R
Drollette等^[21] (2020)	美国	9~11	39	前后测设计	跑步机	20 min	实验室	记忆提高	单词记忆
Davis等^[22] (2011)	美国	7~11	56(实验组1) 55(实验组2) 60(对照组)	RCT	游戏运动、跳绳、足球和篮球	每次40或20 min,每周5次,共15周	医院	执行功能提高	认知评估系统
Hwang等^[23] (2021)	美国	8~12	20(实验组) 20(对照组)	RCT	特技跑、钢琴等游戏运动	4.5 min	学校	执行功能提高	Stroop
Raine等^[24] (2017)	美国	8~10	77(实验组) 77(对照组)	RCT	基于儿童和青少年的心肺体能课程	每次2 h,每周5次,共9周	学校	执行功能提高	Flanker
Crova等^[25] (2014)	意大利	9~10	37(实验组) 33(对照组)	RCT	动作技巧训练和网球训练	每周一节体育课和2 h训练,共6个月	学校	执行功能提高	随机数生成任务
Schaeffer等^[26] (2014)	美国	8~11	10(实验组) 8(对照组)	RCT	捉人游戏、跳绳	每次40 min,每周4/5次,共8个月	预防中心	额颞叶白质完整性提高	MRI
Krafft等^[27] (2014)	美国	8~11	10(实验组) 8(对照组)	RCT	捉人游戏、跳绳	每次40 min,每周4/5次,共8个月	预防中心	执行功能提高、白质完整性提高	执行功能评定量表、DTI
Augustijn等^[28] (2019)	比利时	7~11	25(实验组) 24(对照组)	RCT	散步、游泳、舞蹈、足球、排球、篮球	每周8 h,共5个月	未说明	大脑灰质体积增加	认知评估软件、MRI
Krafft等^[29] (2014)	美国	8~11	24(实验组) 43(对照组)	RCT	捉人游戏、跳绳	每次40 min,每周4/5次,共8个月	预防中心	中央前回与后顶叶激活降低,而前扣带回与额上回激活增加	眼跳、Flanker、fMRI
Krafft等^[30] (2014)	美国	8~11	24(实验组) 19(对照组)	RCT	捉人游戏和跳绳	每次40 min,每周4~5次,共8个月	预防中心	运动网络的功能连接提高	fMRI

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类别		内容定义
干预方式	体能类	肌肉力量活动：仰卧起坐、俯卧撑等。肌肉耐力活动：长跑、游泳、自行车等。心肺耐力活动：健步走、慢跑等。柔韧性活动：瑜伽、舞蹈等。
	技能类	粗大/精细技能活动：举、推、抓等。基本动作技能活动：跑、跳、攀爬等。启动转移技能活动：步行、交通等。
	运动项目类	竞技类：篮球、足球排球、网球等。休闲类：跳绳、舞蹈、体操等。
干预效果	身体功能	b140注意功能
		b144记忆功能
		b164执行功能
	身体结构	s110脑的结构
干预指标	行为	反应时和正确率
干预指标	脑影像	脑结构和功能

研究	资格标准	随机分配	分配隐藏	基线相似	被试施盲	治疗师施盲	被试流失率≤15%	意向性分析	组间统计比较	变异性测量	总分
Chou等^[19](2020)	√	√	√	√			√	√	√	√	7
Gallotta等^[20](2015)	√	√	√	√			√	√	√	√	7
Drollette等^[21](2020)	√			√			√	√	√	√	5
Davis等^[22](2011)	√	√	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	9
Hwang等^[23](2021)	√						√	√	√	√	4
Raine等^[24](2017)	√	√			√	√	√	√	√	√	7
Crova等^[25](2014)		√	√	√			√	√	√	√	7
Schaeffer等^[26](2014)	√	√	√	√			√	√	√	√	7
Krafft等^[27](2014)	√	√	√	√			√	√	√	√	7
Augustijn等^[28](2019)	√	√	√				√	√	√	√	6
Krafft等^[29](2014)	√	√	√	√			√	√	√	√	7
Krafft等^[30](2014)	√	√	√	√			√	√	√	√	7

Effect of physical activity on neurocognitive function of overweight children: a systematic review

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