青少年脊柱功能障碍患者报告结局测量工具的系统综述：基于COSMIN和ICF-CY

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2026.10.004

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To systematically evaluate the measurement content, psychometric properties and quality of evidence of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for adolescents with spinal dysfunction based on International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth (ICF-CY) framework, Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) and modified GRADE approach.

Methods Databases including CNKI, Wanfang Data, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched for studies assessing psychometric properties of PROMs targeting adolescents with spinal dysfunction. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated using COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist, the psychometric properties were rated according to COSMIN criteria, and evidence quality was graded using modified GRADE approach. Item content of each PROM was coded following the ICF-CY linking rules.

Results A total of 23 studies involving eight PROMs were included. Brace Questionnaire (BrQ), Italian Spine Youth Quality of Life Questionnaire (ISYQOL), Quality of Life Profile for Spinal Deformities (QLPSD), Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (SAQ), Scoliosis Japanese Questionnaire-27 (SJ-27) and Scoliosis Research Society-22 Revised Questionnaire (SRS-22r) were rated as grade B, while EuroQol Five-Dimension Youth Five-Level Questionnaire (EQ-5D-Y-5L) and Young Spine Questionnaire (YSQ) were rated as grade C. The eight PROMs were linked to six to 24 ICF-CY categories. BrQ covered the largest number of categories (n = 24), followed by SJ-27 (n = 19) and SRS-22r (n = 16). Except for SAQ which mainly focused on dimension of body functions and structures, all other PROMs covered both dimension of body functions and structures, and activities and participation, while BrQ, ISYQOL, SRS-22r and YSQ also covered dimension of environmental factors. Major methodological limitations included insufficient evidence for content validity, inappropriate factor-analysis approaches, incomplete reporting for test-retest reliability, and overall scarcity of evidence concerning measurement error, minimal important change (MIC) and responsiveness.

Conclusion The quality of PROMs in adolescents with spinal dysfunction varies. BrQ, ISYQOL, QLPSD, SAQ, SJ-27 and SRS-22r show application potential, yet further high-quality studies are required to supplement their psychometric evidence. EQ-5D-Y-5L and YSQ exist high-quality insufficient evidence. Selection of PROMs should comprehensively consider target population, measurement purpose, content coverage and quality of evidence. Further researches are needed to improve reporting quality.

Key words: adolescents, spinal health, patient-reported outcome measures, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth, systematic review

CLC Number:

R682.3

Wang Liyuan, Ma Xin, Li Jing, Zhang Jian, Du Yanyan, Chen Xiaohong, Liu Hua. Patient-reported outcome measures for adolescents with spinal dysfunction: a systematic review based on COSMIN and ICF-CY[J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2026, 32(10): 1154-1164.

Figures/Tables 5

Figure 1

Table 1

Table 2

Methodological quality and measurement properties of PROMs"

量表	纳入文献	内容效度			结构效度		内部一致性		重测信度		假设检验		测量误差		反应度
量表	纳入文献	相关性	全面性	理解性	指标	评价	Cronbach α	评价	ICC/Kappa	评价	相关性	评价	指标	评价	AUC	评价
BrQ	Fernandes等^[16](2024)	NR	NR	D^a,b/?	NR	NR	0.36~0.93	D/?	0.34~0.86	D/-	1个量表	D/+	SEM	D/?	NR	NR
	Lim等^[17](2018)	NR	NR	D^a,b/?	NR	NR	0.86~0.90	D/?	0.85~0.93	D/+	1个量表	D/?	NR	NR	NR	NR
	Peeters等^[18](2023)	NR	NR	D^a,b/?	NR	NR	0.35~0.89	D/?	0.62~0.91	D/-	1个量表	D/?	NR	NR	NR	NR
	Zhang等^[19](2021)	NR	NR	D^a,b/?	NR	NR	0.83	D/?	0.78~0.91	D/+	1个量表	D/?	NR	NR	NR	NR
EQ-5D-Y-5L	Bonsel等^[20](2025)	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	0.19~0.69	D/-	1个量表	V/-	NR	NR	NR	NR
ISYQOL	Babaee等^[21](2022)	NR	NR	D^a,b/?	NR	NR	0.70~0.80	D/?	0.82~0.95	D/+	1个量表	D/?	NR	NR	NR	NR
	Cheng等^[22](2023)	NR	NR	D^a,b/?	Rasch	D/?	0.90/0.89	D/?	0.95/0.96	D/+	7个量表	D/?	SEM	D/?	NR	NR
	Forest等^[23](2022)	NR	NR	D^a,b/?	NR	NR	0.81/0.85	D/?	0.96/0.90	D/+	2个量表	D/+	SEM	D/?	NR	NR
	Liu等^[24](2021)	NR	NR	D^a/?	NR	NR	0.75/0.88	D/?	0.72/0.80	A/+	1个量表	D/?	NR	NR	NR	NR
	Park等^[25](2021)	NR	NR	D^a,b/?	EFA 2个因子	D/+	0.77~0.87	D/+	0.73~0.81	D/+	1个量表	D/+	NR	NR	NR	NR
QLPSD	Hu等^[26](2024)	NR	NR	D^a,b/?	PCA	I/+	0.77~0.91	D/+	0.78~0.92	D/+	2个量表	D/?	NR	NR	NR	NR
	Korkmaz等^[27](2024)	NR	NR	D^b/?	EFA 5个因子	D/+	0.78~0.97	D/+	0.82~0.97	D/+	1个量表	D/?	NR	NR	NR	NR
	Park等^[28](2022)	NR	NR	D^a,b/?	EFA 5个因子	D/?	0.80~0.92	D/?	0.72~0.82	D/+	1个量表	D/+	NR	NR	NR	NR
SAQ	Babaee等^[29](2022)	NR	NR	D^a,b/?	PCA	I/-	0.65~0.72	D/?	0.85~0.98	D/+	1个量表	D/?	NR	NR	NR	NR
	Carreon等^[30](2011)	NR	NR	NR	PCA	I/?	0.88~0.89	D/?	0.81~0.91	D/+	1个量表	D/?	NR	NR	NR	NR
	Lee等^[31](2017)	NR	NR	D^a,b/?	NR	NR	0.87~0.91	D/?	0.86~0.95	D/+	1个量表	D/?	NR	NR	NR	NR
SJ-27	Doi等^[32](2018)	NR	NR	D^a,b/?	CATPCA	I/?	0.91	D/?	NR	NR	1个量表	D/?	NR	NR	NR	NR
	Kim等^[33](2024)	NR	NR	D^a,b/?	EFA 5个因子	D/+	0.77~0.90	D/+	0.74~0.91	D/+	1个量表	D/+	NR	NR	NR	NR
SRS-22r	Garg等^[34](2020)	NR	NR	D^a,b/?	NR	NR	0.61~0.84	D/?	0.92~0.96	D/+	1个量表	D/?	NR	NR	NR	NR
	Monticone等^[35](2010)	NR	NR	D^a,b/?	EFA 4个因子	A/?	0.65~0.78	D/?	0.97~1.00	D/+	1个量表	D/?	NR	NR	NR	NR
	Oeffinger等^[36](2024)	NR	NR	NR	CFI = 0.98	D/+	0.69~0.87	D/-	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
	Potoupnis等^[37](2012)	NR	NR	NR	EFA 5个因子	D/?	0.66~0.92	D/?	0.78~0.88	D/+	1个量表	D/?	NR	NR	NR	NR
YSQ	Nyirö等^[38](2021)	NR	NR	D^b/?	NR	NR	NR	NR	0.60~0.88	V/-	1个量表	V/+	NR	NR	AUC	D/-

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Content characteristics of PROMs based on ICF-CY"

量表	评估内容	身体功能与结构	活动和参与	环境因素
BrQ	总体健康感知躯体功能情绪功能自尊与外貌感知活力学校活动能力躯体疼痛社会功能	b126气质和人格功能 b130能量和驱力功能 b134睡眠功能 b140注意力功能 b152情绪功能 b1801身体意象 b280痛觉 b440呼吸功能 b455运动耐受功能	d160集中注意力 d4153维持坐姿 d450步行 d4551攀登 d4552跑步 d540穿着 d550吃 d710基本人际交往 d750非正式社会关系 d760家庭人际关系 d820学校教育 d9205社会活动	e1101药品 e1151个人日常生活中用的辅助用品和技术 e5800卫生的服务
EQ-5D-Y-5L	行动能力自我照顾日常活动疼痛或不适担心、伤心或不开心	b152情绪功能 b280痛觉	d230进行日常事务 d450步行 d510盥洗自身 d540穿着
ISYQOL	脊柱健康支具	b152情绪功能 b1801身体意象 b280痛觉 b710关节活动功能	d410改变身体的基本姿势 d540穿着 d710基本人际交往 d910社区生活	e1151个人日常生活中用的辅助用品和技术 e5800卫生的服务
QLPSD	心理社会功能睡眠障碍背部疼痛身体形象背部灵活性	b134睡眠功能 b152情绪功能 b1801身体意象 b2801身体单一部位疼痛	d4100躺下 d4105屈身 d430举起和搬运物体 d540穿着 d640做家务 d710基本人际交往 d750非正式社会关系 d910社区生活 d920娱乐和休闲
SAQ	总体外观感知侧弯曲度肋骨及侧腰隆起躯干偏移腰部肩部驼背胸廓术后瘢痕	b1801身体意象 b530体重维持功能 s6302乳房和乳头 s710头颈部的结构 s720肩部的结构 s740骨盆部的结构 s750下肢的结构 s760躯干的结构 s7700骨
SJ-27	躯体疼痛活动受限躯体活动自我形象心理健康	b126气质和人格功能 b152情绪功能 b1801身体意象 b2801身体单一部位疼痛 b660生殖功能 b710关节活动功能	d4150保持躺姿 d4153保持坐姿 d4154保持站姿 d430举起和搬运物体 d510盥洗自身 d540穿着 d710基本人际交往 d740正式人际关系 d750非正式社会关系 d760家庭人际关系 d770亲密关系 d9201运动 d9205社会活动
SRS-22r	功能/活动疼痛自我形象/外貌心理健康对管理的满意度	b152情绪功能 b1801身体意象 b280痛觉 s760躯干的结构	d4150保持躺姿 d640做家务 d710基本人际交往 d750非正式社会关系 d760家庭人际关系 d820学校教育 d850有报酬的就业 d870经济自给 d9201运动 d9205社会活动	e1101药品 e5800卫生的服务
YSQ	脊柱疼痛疼痛相关行为家庭影响	b2801身体单一部位疼痛	d820学校教育 d850有报酬的就业 d9201运动	e310直系亲属家庭 e5800卫生的服务

Table 4

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量表	纳入文献	国家	样本量/n	研究对象	年龄/岁	条目数/维度数	重测时间/d
BrQ	Fernandes等^[16](2024)	巴西	84	AIS	10~18	34/8	7
	Lim等^[17](2018)	韩国	120	AIS	10~16	34/8	14
	Peeters等^[18](2023)	荷兰	80	AIS	12~18	34/8	28
	Zhang等^[19](2021)	中国	250	AIS	10~17	34/8	7
EQ-5D-Y-5L	Bonsel等^[20](2025)	荷兰	107	AIS	12~18	NR	7~14
ISYQOL	Babaee等^[21](2022)	伊朗	178	AIS、SK	10~18	20/2	14
	Cheng等^[22](2023)	中国	131	AIS	10~18	20/2	14
	Forest等^[23](2022)	加拿大	111	AIS	10~18	20/2	7、14
	Liu等^[24](2021)	中国	138	AIS	10~18	20/2	14
	Park等^[25](2021)	韩国	120	AIS	10~17	20/2	14
QLPSD	Hu等^[26](2024)	中国	129	AIS	10~18	21/5	14
QLPSD	Korkmaz等^[27](2024)	土耳其	125	AIS	10~16	21/5	42
	Park等^[28](2022)	韩国	120	AIS	10~17	21/5	14
SAQ	Babaee等^[29](2022)	伊朗	106	AIS	10~17	20/9	14
	Carreon等^[30](2011)	美国	1802	AIS	14.8±2.1	14/2	14
	Lee等^[31](2017)	韩国	160	AIS	10~16	20/9	14
SJ-27	Doi等^[32](2018)	日本	384	AIS	10~18	27/5	NR
SJ-27	Kim等^[33](2024)	韩国	140	AIS	10~18	27/5	14
SRS-22r	Garg等^[34](2020)	印度	108	AIS	10~18	NR	10~14
	Monticone等^[35](2010)	意大利	223	AIS	10~18	22/5	7
	Oeffinger等^[36](2024)	美国	1823	AIS	14.9±2.2	22/5	NR
	Potoupnis等^[37](2012)	希腊	117	AIS	12~18	NR	14
YSQ	Nyirö等^[38](2021)	德国	131	颈部或背部疼痛青少年	10~16	NR	14

Patient-reported outcome measures for adolescents with spinal dysfunction: a systematic review based on COSMIN and ICF-CY

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量表	内容效度		结构效度		内部一致性		重测信度		假设检验		测量误差		反应度		推荐等级
量表	评价	证据质量	评价	证据质量	评价	证据质量	评价	证据质量	评价	证据质量	评价	证据质量	评价	证据质量	推荐等级
BrQ	?	中	NR	NR	?	中	±	低	±	低	?	中	NR	NR	B
EQ-5D-Y-5L	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	-	中	-	高	NR	NR	NR	NR	C
ISYQOL	?	中	±	低	±	低	+	中	±	低	?	中	NR	NR	B
QLPSD	?	中	±	低	±	低	+	中	±	低	NR	NR	NR	NR	B
SAQ	?	中	±	极低	?	中	+	中	?	中	NR	NR	NR	NR	B
SJ-27	?	中	±	极低	±	低	+	中	±	低	NR	NR	NR	NR	B
SRS-22r	?	中	±	低	±	低	+	中	?	中	NR	NR	NR	NR	B
YSQ	?	中	NR	NR	NR	NR	-	高	+	高	NR	NR	-	中	C

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