我国东部和中西部地区居民无障碍设施利用行为影响机制的比较

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2026.10.010

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To examine the influencing mechanisms and regional differences in accessible facility utilization behavior among residents in eastern and central-western China.

Methods Data were collected through the online questionnaire administered to residents across China using snowball sampling. Descriptive analysis and chi-square tests were conducted to compare the basic characteristics of respondents between the two regions. Welch's t test was used to compare accessible facility utilization behavior and its influencing factors. Multigroup structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to compare the influencing mechanisms of accessible facility utilization behavior between eastern and central-western China.

Results A total of 1 039 valid responses were obtained, including 604 from the eastern region and 435 from the central-western region. Residents in eastern regions scored significantly higher than those in central-western regions on both facility-seeking (t = 4.057, P< 0.001) and actual-using (t = 4.551, P< 0.001) behavior. The structural equation models for both regions showed identical and satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices (GFI = 0.950, AGFI = 0.932, IFI = 0.947, CFI = 0.947, RMSEA = 0.028), and all measurement and structural invariance tests met the recommended criteria. Facility configuration showed no significant direct effect on utilization behavior in eastern China, whereas a negative direct effect was observed in central-western China (β = -0.171, P= 0.047), with its influence mainly exerted indirectly through social cognition and user experience. Social cognition and user experience had significant positive effects on utilization behavior (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, social cognition indirectly influences utilization behavior through the mediating path of usage experience. The direct effects of social cognition (β = 0.406) and user experience (β = 0.510) in central-western China were greater than those in eastern China (β = 0.369 and β = 0.335, respectively). The chain mediation effect of "configuration-cognition-experience-behavior" was statistically significant in both regions (P < 0.05), with larger indirect effects observed in central-western China.

Conclusion Facility configuration has a limited direct effect on accessible facility utilization, whereas social cognition and user experience play a central role, particularly in central-western China. It is recommended that the construction and renovation of accessible facility be guided by population needs, accompanied by strengthened promotion of accessibility concepts and policies, and that a transition from hardware-oriented construction to service- and management-oriented governance of accessible environments should be promoted in central-western China.

Key words: accessible facility, utilization behavior, influencing mechanism, regional differences, structural equation modeling

CLC Number:

R492

Sun Heqi, Lü Jun, Li Xiaohong, Chen Tianyi, Wang Kedi, Kong Fanlei, Chen Gang. Comparison of influencing mechanisms of accessible facility utilization behavior in eastern and central-western China[J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2026, 32(10): 1216-1226.

Figures/Tables 10

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References 31

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潜变量	测量变量	问题	选项分值
设施配置	公共出行	你认为公共出行的无障碍设施配置情况如何	1=非常不好 2=不好 3=一般 4=较好 5=很好
	公共服务	你认为公共服务的无障碍设施配置情况如何
	商业场所	你认为商业的无障碍设施配置情况如何
	公园绿地	你认为公园的无障碍设施配置情况如何
	医疗场所	你认为医疗场所的无障碍设施配置情况如何
社会认知	概念认知	您对“无障碍”概念的了解程度	1=完全不了解 2=不太了解 3=一般了解 4=比较了解 5=非常了解
	政策关注	您对无障碍设施配置相关政策的关注程度
	法律认知	您对《中华人民共和国无障碍环境建设法》的了解程度
	设施认知	您对无障碍设施(如盲道、坡道、无障碍卫生间等)的了解程度
使用体验	自我获益	您认为无障碍设施给您生活带来的便利程度	1=从不 2=很少 3=有时 4=经常 5=总是
使用体验	他人获益	他人有需要时，您认为他们能够顺利使用无障碍设施的情况
利用行为	寻找行为	您或家人有需要时，寻找无障碍设施的频率
利用行为	使用行为	您或家人有需要时，实际使用无障碍设施的频率

变量	分组	总体(n = 1039)	东部(n= 604)	中西部(n = 435)	χ²值	P值
性别	男	415(39.94)	239(39.57)	176(40.46)	0.084	0.773
	女	624(60.06)	365(60.43)	259(59.54)
年龄	20岁及以下	44(4.23)	15(2.48)	29(6.67)	41.908	< 0.001
	21~35岁	408(39.27)	278(46.03)	130(29.89)
	36~50岁	378(36.38)	215(35.60)	163(37.47)
	51~65岁	173(16.65)	76(12.58)	97(22.30)
	65岁以上	36(3.46)	20(3.31)	16(3.68)
文化水平	初中及以下	79(7.60)	9(1.49)	70(16.09)	218.394	< 0.001
	高中/中专	108(10.39)	30(4.97)	78(17.93)
	大学专科	134(12.90)	43(7.12)	91(20.92)
	大学本科	294(28.30)	197(32.62)	97(22.30)
	研究生及以上	424(40.81)	325(53.81)	99(22.76)
人群类型	老年人	56(5.39)	27(4.47)	29(6.67)	5.519	0.238
	残疾/暂时功能障碍	23(2.21)	16(2.65)	7(1.61)
	0~3岁儿童家长	17(1.64)	12(1.99)	5(1.15)
	孕妇	8(0.77)	6(0.99)	2(0.46)
	其他普通人群	935(89.99)	543(89.90)	392(90.11)
特殊同住	有	490(47.16)	246(40.73)	244(56.09)	23.953	< 0.001
	无	549(52.84)	358(59.27)	191(43.91)
居住楼层	1~6楼	713(68.62)	391(64.74)	322(74.02)	10.131	0.001
	7楼及以上	326(31.38)	213(35.26)	113(25.98)
住宅电梯	有	532(51.20)	356(58.94)	176(40.46)	34.567	< 0.001
	无	507(48.80)	248(41.06)	259(59.54)

潜变量	测量变量	总体(n = 1039)	东部(n= 604)	中西部(n= 435)	t值	P值
利用行为	寻找行为	2.56±0.92	2.65±0.92	2.42±0.89	4.057	< 0.001
	使用行为	1.97±0.89	2.07±0.93	1.83±0.81	4.551	< 0.001
设施配置	公共出行	3.28±0.81	3.30±0.83	3.25±0.78	1.051	0.294
	公共服务	3.33±0.78	3.39±0.80	3.25±0.75	2.967	0.003
	商业场所	3.28±0.78	3.31±0.81	3.25±0.73	1.148	0.251
	公园绿地	3.26±0.78	3.31±0.82	3.19±0.72	2.349	0.019
	医疗场所	3.64±0.85	3.72±0.87	3.54±0.82	3.462	0.001
社会认知	概念认知	2.86±1.07	3.02±1.06	2.63±1.05	5.992	< 0.001
	政策关注	2.48±1.02	2.58±1.03	2.33±0.98	4.030	< 0.001
	法律认知	1.87±0.97	1.85±1.02	1.91±0.91	-1.145	0.252
	设施认知	3.02±1.02	3.13±1.01	2.87±1.00	4.190	< 0.001
使用体验	自我获益	3.59±0.99	3.66±0.96	3.49±1.02	2.828	0.005
	他人获益	2.78±0.77	2.85±0.75	2.68±0.79	3.475	0.001

Model	χ²/df	GFI	AGFI	IFI	CFI	RMSEA	ΔCFI	ΔRMSEA
M1	2.648	0.950	0.932	0.947	0.947	0.028	—	—
M2	2.648	0.950	0.932	0.947	0.947	0.028	0	0
M3	2.648	0.950	0.932	0.947	0.947	0.028	0	0
M4	2.548	0.948	0.934	0.947	0.946	0.027	0.001	0.001
M5	2.478	0.948	0.936	0.947	0.947	0.027	0.001	0
M6	2.514	0.947	0.935	0.945	0.945	0.027	0.002	0
M7	2.484	0.946	0.936	0.945	0.945	0.027	0	0

假设	路径关系	非标化路径系数		标化路径系数		标准误
假设	路径关系	东部	中西部	东部	中西部	东部	中西部
H1	设施配置→利用行为	-0.005	-0.187	-0.005	-0.171^a	0.069	0.094
H2	社会认知→利用行为	0.296	0.334	0.369^b	0.406^b	0.050	0.071
H3	使用体验→利用行为	0.497	0.612	0.335^b	0.510^b	0.132	0.166
H4	设施配置→社会认知	0.276	0.404	0.203^b	0.304^b	0.066	0.077
H5	设施配置→使用体验	0.293	0.399	0.397^b	0.436^b	0.047	0.063
H6	社会认知→使用体验	0.175	0.271	0.322^b	0.396^b	0.033	0.048
H7	人口学特征→社会认知	0.191	0.226	0.053	0.114^a	0.163	0.115

Comparison of influencing mechanisms of accessible facility utilization behavior in eastern and central-western China

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维度	直接效应		间接效应		总效应
维度	东部	中西部	东部	中西部	东部	中西部
人口学特征	—	—	0.025	0.070	0.025	0.070
设施配置	-0.005	-0.171	0.229	0.408	0.225	0.236
社会认知	0.369	0.406	0.108	0.202	0.476	0.608
使用体验	0.335	0.510	—	—	0.335	0.510

路径	效应	效应值	95% CI	P值	效应占比/%
东部地区
设施配置→使用体验→利用行为	间接效应	0.145	0.061~0.271	0.001	35.28
社会认知→使用体验→利用行为	间接效应	0.087	0.038~0.165	0.001	21.17
设施配置→社会认知→利用行为	间接效应	0.082	0.036~0.147	0.001	19.95
人口学特征→社会认知→利用行为	间接效应	0.057	-0.066~0.165	0.348	13.87
设施配置→社会认知→使用体验→利用行为	间接效应	0.024	0.009~0.052	0.001	5.84
人口学特征→社会认知→使用体验→利用行为	间接效应	0.017	-0.017~0.057	0.284	4.14
	总间接效应	0.411	0.197~0.633	0.002	100.00
中西部地区
设施配置→使用体验→利用行为	间接效应	0.244	0.103~0.489	0.001	33.66
社会认知→使用体验→利用行为	间接效应	0.166	0.072~0.320	0.001	22.90
设施配置→社会认知→利用行为	间接效应	0.135	0.059~0.237	0.002	18.62
人口学特征→社会认知→利用行为	间接效应	0.075	0.007~0.194	0.031	10.34
设施配置→社会认知→使用体验→利用行为	间接效应	0.067	0.029~0.143	0.001	9.24
人口学特征→社会认知→使用体验→利用行为	间接效应	0.038	0.001~0.107	0.041	5.24
	总间接效应	0.725	0.443~1.082	0.001	100.00

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