Abstract: The injury of peripheral nerve is generally accompanied with active regeneration responses. This paper is to summarize the molecular mechanism to promote the nerve regeneration, including various reactions of the neuronal body, nerve fiber, and regulatory molecules in the microenvironment, such as transcription factors, inflammatory mediators, nerve growth factors, etc., aiming to investigate the possible mechanism in the nerve regeneration after injury.

Key words: nerve regeneration, axonal growth cone, cytokine, neurotrophic factors, review