《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》 ›› 2020, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (9): 1052-1060.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2020.09.010
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HAN Chun-yan1,ZHAO Cun1,WANG Xing-lei2a,ZHANG Ya-bin1,GOU Ling1,PEI Ju-hong1,TIAN Jin-hui3,DOU Xin-man1,2b()
Received:
2019-05-27
Revised:
2019-07-23
Published:
2020-09-25
Online:
2020-09-24
Contact:
DOU Xin-man
E-mail:dxm1812@163.com
Supported by:
HAN Chun-yan,ZHAO Cun,WANG Xing-lei,ZHANG Ya-bin,GOU Ling,PEI Ju-hong,TIAN Jin-hui,DOU Xin-man. Aspiration Screening Tools after Stroke: A Systematic Review[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2020, 26(9): 1052-1060.
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作者 | 出版年 | 国家 | n | 卒中类型 | 筛查工具 | 参考工具 | 测量特性 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Serel等 | 2017 | 土耳其 | 225 | 脑卒中 | EAT-10 | VFSS | SS 81.0%,SP 58.0%,PPV 72.0%,NPV 69.0% |
Cheney等 | 2015 | 美国 | 360 | 脑卒中 | EAT-10 | 渗透误吸量表 | SS 70.6%,SP 52.7%,PPV 26%,NPV 89% |
Rofes等 | 2014 | 西班牙 | 134 | 脑卒中 | EAT-10 | VFSS | SS 83%,SP 25%,PPV 52.5%,NPV 59.2% |
Warnecke等 | 2017 | 德国 | 121 | 脑卒中 | GUSS | FEES | SS 96.5%,SP 55.8%,PPV 74.3%,NPV 92.3% |
Trapl等 | 2007 | 澳大利亚 | 50 | 急性脑卒中 | GUSS | FEES | 评价者间信度:kappa = 0.835。治疗师评估(n = 20):SS 100%,SP 50%,PPV 81%,NPV 100%。护士评估(n = 30):SS 100%,SP 69%,PPV 74%,NPV 100% |
Marian等 | 2017 | 德国 | 50 | 急性脑卒中 | PO | FEES | SS 10%,SP 100% |
Wang等 | 2005 | 中国 | 27 | 脑卒中 | PO | VFSS | SS 58.3%,SP 66.7%,PPV 58.3%,NPV 66.7% |
Lim等 | 2001 | 新加坡 | 50 | 急性脑卒中 | PO、50 ml WST,以及二者结合 | FEES | PO:SS 76.9%,SP 83.3%,PPV 83.3%,NPV 76.9%。 50 ml WST:SS 84.6%,SP 75.0%,PPV 78.6%,NPV 81.8% 二者结合:SS 100%,SP 70.8%,PPV 78.8%,NPV 100%。信度:二者结合kappa = 0.716,氧饱和度测定kappa = 0.601,50 ml水吞咽试验kappa = 0.598 |
Lindner-Pfleghar等 | 2017 | 德国 | 72 | 急性脑卒中 | SSA | FEES | SS 76%,SP 55.5%,PPV 27.8%,NPV 91.7% |
Park等 | 2014 | 韩国 | 395 | 脑卒中 | SSA | GUSS | SS 85.6%,SP 70.6%,PPV 76.4%,NPV 81.5% |
孙伟平等 | 2009 | 中国 | 81 | 急性脑卒中 | SSA | FEES | SS 95%,SP 53.7%,PPV 66.7%,NPV 91.7% |
Suiter等 | 2008 | 美国 | 229/202/39 | 左侧/右侧/脑干脑卒中 | WST | FEES | 左侧:SS 96.3%,SP 41.1%,PPV 17.9%,NPV 98.8%,PLR 1.64,NLR 0.09 右侧:SS 95.8%,SP 38.2%,PPV 17.3%,NPV 为98.6%,PLR 1.55,NLR 0.11 脑干:SS 100.0%,SP 58.1%,PPV 38.1%,NPV 为100.0%,PLR 2.39,NLR 0.00 |
Garon等 | 1995 | 美国 | 100 | 脑卒中 | WST | VFSS | SS 54%,SP 79% |
De Pippo等 | 1992 | 美国 | 44 | 急性脑卒中 | WST | VFSS | SS 76%,SP 59% |
Osawa等 | 2012 | 日本 | 111 | 急性脑卒中 | WST | VFSS | 5 ml水:SS 52.9%,SP 90.4%,PPV 50.0%,NPV 91.4%。10 ml水:SS 34.8%,SP 93.2%,PPV 81.1%,NPV 57.1%。30 ml水:SS 51.4%,SP 78.9%,PPV 52.9%,NPV 77.9%。60 ml水:SS 55.7%,SP 85.4%,PPV 86.7%,NPV 53.0%。MWST (3 ml水):SS 55.3%,SP 80.8%,PPV 60.0%,NPV 77.6% |
Nishiwaki等 | 2005 | 日本 | 61 | 急性脑卒中 | WST | VFSS | SS 72%,SP 67% |
ZHOU等 | 2011 | 法国 | 107 | 脑卒中 | WST | VFSS | SS 87.3%,SP 42.3%,PPV 61.5%,NPV 75.9%,Kappa = 0.29 |
ZHOU等 | 2011 | 法国 | 107 | 脑卒中 | CPSA | VFSS | SS 50.1%,SP 50%,PPV 87.5%,阴性预测值86.7%,Kappa = 0.30 |
武文娟等 | 2016 | 中国 | 45 | 急性脑卒中 | WST | VFSS | SS 43.75%,SP 69.23%,PPV 77.78%,NPV 31.03% |
Osawa等 | 2013 | 日本 | 50 | 脑卒中 | WST | VFSS | SS 63%,SP 60% |
Daniels等 | 2016 | 美国 | 250 | 脑卒中 | RAS | VFSS | SS 93%,SP 43%,PPV 18%,NPV 98%,Kappa = 1.00 |
孙伟平等 | 2009 | 中国 | 81 | 急性脑卒中 | Any Two试验 | FEES | SS 92.5%,SP 31.7%,PPV 56.9%,NPV 81.3% |
Warnecke等 | 2008 | 德国 | 100 | 急性脑卒中 | SPT | FEES | 第一步:SS 74.1%,SP 100%,PPV 100%,NPV 47.5%。第二步:SS 49.4%,SP 100%,PPV 100%,NPV 31.7% |
Ramsey等 | 2006 | 英国 | 189 | 急性脑卒中 | PO | VFSS | 降低 ≥ 2%:SS 31%,SP 72%,PPV 51%,NPV 53%。降低 ≥ 5%:SS 7%,SP 97%,PPV 67%,NPV 53% |
Edmiaston等 | 2014 | 美国 | 225 | 急性脑卒中 | ASDS | VFSS | SS 95%,SP 50%,PPV 41%,NPV 96% |
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筛查工具 | 筛查方式 | 评分标准 |
---|---|---|
EAT-10 | 10个关于口咽性吞咽困难症状严重程度的问题,每个问题评分0~4分 | > 15分存在误吸风险 |
GUSS | 第一部分:保持警惕15 min;能够自主咳嗽;喉功能;吞咽唾液;无口角流水。第二部分:评估吞咽糊状、固体、液体食物后的吞咽表现,每种食物吞咽后观察是否存在吞咽延迟或吞咽、咳嗽、流口水和声音改变4个指标 | ≥ 14分存在误吸风险 |
血氧饱和度测定 | 患者直立5 min,测基线值;行WST,记录吞咽10 ml水期间和吞咽完成后2 min内的最大和最小氧饱和度,测3次,取最高和最低值 | 下降 ≥ 2%有临床意义 |
SSA | 第1步床旁检查:初步评价意识水平、头部和躯干部控制、唇控制、呼吸方式、声音强弱、自主咳嗽能力、咽反射。 若上述指标均正常,第2步WST (5 ml水),观察以下情况:口角流水、吞咽时有喉部运动、吞咽时有反复的喉部运动、咳嗽、哽咽、声音质量,重复3次。 如果3次吞咽中有2次及以上正常,则第3步让患者吞咽60 ml水,观察是否能全部饮完、咳嗽、哽咽、声音质量 | 35~46分为误吸高风险,24~34分为误吸中风险,18~23分为误吸低风险 |
WST | 患者端坐位,连续饮用30 ml、60 ml或90 ml水,观察是否一次性饮完,吞咽完成后是否有呛咳 | 如果吞咽未完成,或在测试结束后1 min内出现咳嗽、窒息或声音质量改变,则认为存在误吸风险 |
RAS | 非吞咽项目:年龄 ≥ 70岁和构音障碍; 若不符,行吞咽项目:嘱患者通过杯子或吸管一次性饮用5 ml水,观察吞咽期间或吞咽后是否存在任何误吸风险迹象(咳嗽、哽咽、声音改变); 如无,重复上一步骤; 如无,嘱患者通过杯子或吸管不停地饮用90 ml水,直至饮完或告知停止,观察吞咽期间或吞咽后是否存在咳嗽、哽咽、声音改变和/或无法连续饮水 | 如果任何一项评估为“是”,则停止筛选,认为存在误吸风险 |
Any Two试验 | 检查患者有无失音、构音障碍、咽反射异常、自主咳嗽异常;嘱患者吞咽10 ml水,观察饮水后有无呛咳或声音改变 | 若患者出现的异常征象 ≥ 2项,提示患者存在误吸风险 |
SPT | 将一根薄的导管通过鼻孔插入口咽,其尖端位于绒毛下方。在呼气结束时推注蒸馏水0.4 ml或2.0 ml诱导吞咽反射。评估人员将手指放在患者喉部,通过视觉和手指同时观察特征性喉部向上运动识别吞咽的开始。秒表测量开始注水到吞咽开始的潜伏期 | 潜伏期 > 3 s,存在误吸风险 |
ASDS | 第一部分:格拉斯哥昏迷量表是否低于13分,是否有面部不对称或面部肌肉无力、舌头不对称或舌肌无力、软腭不对称或无力。 第二部分:连续饮水3 Oz3 Oz (约90 ml),1 min后观察喉部残留、咳嗽或声音质量 | 5个项目中任一项异常,存在误吸风险 |
CPSA | 包括6个条目:不存在非条件反射,12分;软腭反射存在,8分;自愿吞咽,7分;不存在发音困难,6分;存在咽反射,6分;自主声门闭合,3分 | > 28分不存在误吸风险;< 14分存在误吸风险;14~28分不确定 |
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