运动表象训练改善老年人执行功能和运动功能的系统综述

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2021.06.006

Abstract

Abstract: Objective

To evaluate the effect of motor imagery training on motor and executive function in the older population.

Methods

Articles about the impact of motor imagery training on the motor and cognitive functions of the elderly in the databases of Web of Sciences, PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang data and VIP were searched from 1980 to 2020. The training program, rehabilitation effect and relatec factors of motor image training in the elderly were analyzed and summarized.

Results

Twelve articles were included finally. The motor image training that suited the elderly over 60 years old was usually combined with actual exercise training, mostly for four to twelve weeks, two to three times a week and 15 to 60 minutes a time. Motor imagery training was effective on standing balance, postural control, falls and muscle strength, to improve the ability to solve conflict problems, working memory and cognitive flexibility.

Conclusion

Motor imagery training is an effective way to delay the decline of physical function and improve the executive function of the elderly. It is needed to construct a reasonable and standard motor imagery training program according to the characteristics of the elderly, to improve the effect.

Key words: motor imagery training, elderly, motor function, executive function, systematic review

CLC Number:

R592

Xiao-xia YUAN,Xiao-ke ZHONG,Yuan YANG,Chang-hao JIANG. Effect of Motor Imagery Training on Motor and Executive Function of Older Adults: A Systematic Review[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2021, 27(6): 661-667.

Figures/Tables 5

研究	年龄(岁)	被试	具体干预内容	实验类别	训练时长	训练地点	功能康复效果	测量指标
Kalicinski等^[19](2016)	60~80	正常老年人	每周2次，每次平衡训练10 min+平衡状态表象25 min	RCT	6周	未说明	平衡能力增强	串联站立任务
Hamel等^[20](2005)	65~90	正常老年人	每天1次动作表象训练	RCT	6周	社区	平衡能力增强	前后侧摆动角度、反应时间、Berg平衡量表
Chiacchiero等^[21](2015)	65~95	正常老年人	每周3次，每次平衡状态表象训练20 min	RCT	4周	社区	平衡能力增强	身体摇摆测试
Lee等^[22](2011)	54~67	老年脑卒中患者	每周3次，每次跑步机步态训练30 min +步态表象30 min	RCT	8周	社区	平衡能力增强	步速、步频、步长、步幅、单肢支撑和双肢支撑时间
Cho等^[23](2013)	44~66	老年脑卒中患者	每周3次，身体运动表象训练15 min+30步态训练 min	RCT	6周	医院	平衡能力增强	功能伸展试验、TUGT、10 m步行试验和Fugl-Meyer评定
Fansler等^[24](1985)	70±6	老年女性	每天3次动作表象	RCT	3天	未说明	平衡能力增强	单腿站立平衡时间
Goudarzian等^[25](2017)	60~85	老年男性	每周3次，分为全身震动训练组、移运表象组和全身震动+移动表象训练组	RCT	8周	社区	肌肉力量增加	TUGT、5次重复抬椅、6 m串联步态、10 m步行和腿部等长肌力
Moukarzel等^[26](2017)	70±2.8	骨关节置换术后的老年人	每周3次、每次1 h动作表象	RCT	4周	医院	肌肉力量增加	股四头肌力量、挥杆阶段膝关节屈曲峰值、TUGT、爬楼梯测试和6 min步行测试、牛津膝关节评分
Jiang等^[27](2015)	75±7.9	正常老年人	每周5次肌肉力量表象训练	RCT	12周	社区	肌肉力量增加	力量测试
Marusic等^[28](2018)	平均64	骨关节置换术后的老年人	每周3次，每次运动观察+步态表象训练30 min	RCT	8周	医院	平衡能力增强执行功能增强	TUGT、FSST、单任务和双任务行走
Blumen等^[29](2017)	65~85	正常老年人	每周3次，每次步态表象15 min	RCT	12周	社区	平衡能力增强执行功能增强	追踪测试、字母数字排序测试、Stroop任务、Flanker测试
Nicholson等^[30](2018)	65~85	正常老年人	移动表象20 min	RCT	1次	实验室	执行功能增强	步态速度、TUGT、步态变异性和完成障碍课程的时间

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分类	主要训练内容	干预效果
平衡状态表象	个体表象平衡训练中各种情景，如单腿站立、不同摇摆和伸展运动	平衡能力增强执行功能增强
移动表象	个体在无现实目标情况下表象向目标的移动	肌肉能力增强执行功能增强
步态表象	个体表象进行不同难度步行训练	平衡能力增强执行功能增强
身体运动表象	个体在身体康复训练过程中感知内部信息和外部运动信息	平衡能力增强
动作表象	个体按顺序表象具体训练中的固定动作姿势	平衡能力增强肌肉能力增强
肌肉力量表象	个体表象在肌肉群中施加力量	肌肉力量增强

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Effect of Motor Imagery Training on Motor and Executive Function of Older Adults: A Systematic Review

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干预效果	功能康复效果
平衡能力	平衡能力增强；抗跌倒能力增强
肌肉力量	缓解肌肉力量的衰退；增强耐力水平
执行功能	缓解高级认知功能衰退；提升动作规划与控制能力