跨越水平障碍物时的步态特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2021.07.001

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To observe the gait characteristics related to the horizontal obstacle crossing, to optimize obstacle crossing strategy to reduce the risk of falling.

Methods A total of 15 healthy young men were recruited in September, 2019, to complete horizontal obstacle crossing tasks (0 cm, 45 cm, 55 cm and 65 cm wide), with dominant and non-dominant limbs first on a specific experimental path. Gait parameters were collected with infrared camera and biomechanics force plate.

Results As the width of the obstacle increasing, the speed, stride length, step length and toe clearance of trailing limb (TCt) increased; while the heel-to-obstacle distance (HOD) and toe-to-obstacle distance (TOD) decreased. As the non-dominant limb crossing first, the speed of following step was slower, and the TCt, step width, step length and HOD increased.

Conclusion The risk of falling increases with the width of the obstacle during horizontal obstacle crossing. It is recommended to use non-dominant limbs leading crossing, and increase stride length, step length and TCt to reduce the risk of falling.

Key words: obstacle crossing, leading limb, dominant limb, fall, gait

CLC Number:

G804.2

ZHANG Jun-xia,SHAO Yang-yang,WANG Zhe-hao,YANG Fang. Gait Characteristics during Horizontal Obstacle Crossing[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2021, 27(7): 745-750.

Figures/Tables 4

References 43

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参数	英文名称(缩写)	定义
步幅	stride length	足跟着地到同侧足跟再次着地的前进(Y轴)距离
步态周期	stride time	足跟着地到同侧足跟再次着地所需时间
步速	speed	步幅除以步态周期
步宽	step width	跨障时,跟随肢体足跟与跨越肢体足跟垂直前进方向(X轴) 上的距离
步长	step length	跨障时,跟随肢体足跟与跨越肢体足跟在前进方向上的距离
跨越肢体跨障速度	crossing speed of leading limb (CSl)	跨越肢体足趾离地到足跟着地期间,髂前上棘前进距离除以时间
跟随肢体跨障速度	crossing speed of trailing limb (CSt)	跟随肢体足趾离地到足跟着地期间,髂前上棘前进距离除以时间
跨越肢体足趾间隙	toe clearance of leading limb (TCl)	跨越肢体摆动阶段足趾到障碍物的最大距离
跟随肢体足趾间隙	toe clearance of trailing limb (TCt)	跟随肢体摆动阶段足趾到障碍物的最大距离
足趾至障碍物的距离	distance between toe and obstacle (TOD)	跟随肢体的足趾到障碍物前进方向距离
足跟至障碍物的距离	distance between heel and obstacle (HOD)	跨越肢体的足跟到障碍物前进方向距离

步态参数	0 cm	45 cm	55 cm	65 cm	F值	P值
步速(m/s)	1.03±0.07^A	1.08±0.15^B	1.12±0.12^C	1.19±0.11^D	207.5	< 0.001
CSl (m/s)	1.02±0.10^A	1.03±0.16^B	1.08±0.13^C	1.16±0.12^D	121.71	< 0.001
CSt (m/s)	1.02±0.09^A	1.17±0.16^B	1.24±0.13^C	1.31±0.13^D	469.21	< 0.001
步态周期(s)	120.58±7.72^A	139.07±20.83^B	140.58±13.85^B	138.65±14.81^B	222.75	< 0.001
步宽(mm)	68.94±29.16^A	66.42±33.15^A,B	67.18±33.15^B	64.75±37.40^B	4.54	0.004
步幅(mm)	1242.17±46.06^A	1470.87±61.52^B	1564.05±50.32^C	1640.85±60.07^D	2959.68	< 0.001
步长(mm)	619.02±63.38^A	777.25±55.41^B	858.37±30.24^C	926.69±53.71^D	1655.46	< 0.001
TCl (mm)	156.88±16.36^A	178.87±116.02^B	181.76±12.33^B	179.97±14.76^B	198.76	< 0.001
TCt (mm)	156.49±18.98^A	190.09±18.98^B	206.13±16.29^C	217.02±18.66^D	630.83	< 0.001
TOD (mm)	200.57±43.64^A	38.38±98.37^B	35.71±18.93^B	27.02±15.06^B	537.26	< 0.001
HOD (mm)	153.96±59.88^A	8.69±40.74^B	-2.03±30.24^B	-28.74±49.62^C	266.37	< 0.001

步态参数	非优势肢体	优势肢体	F值	P值
步速(m/s)	1.11±0.13	1.09±0.13	3.72	0.054
CSl (m/s)	1.09±0.13	1.05±0.15	40.98	< 0.001
CSt (m/s)	1.17±0.18	1.18±0.16	11.33	0.006
步态周期(s)	133.61±16.59	134.41±17.56	1.43	0.232
步宽(mm)	71.11±36.42	62.71±30.97	29.27	< 0.001
步幅(mm)	1474.28±163.49	1460.04±164.11	3.16	0.076
步长(mm)	799.05±121.5	773.15±135.75	36.53	< 0.001
TCl (mm)	171.87±19.25	175.11±17.34	21.65	< 0.001
TCt (mm)	193.39±29.14	187.72±30.31	15.47	< 0.001
TOD (mm)	74.64±104.60	83.78±80.75	0.01	0.983
HOD (mm)	57.23±111.19	36.09±92.23	25.96	< 0.001

Gait Characteristics during Horizontal Obstacle Crossing

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