基于ICF成年人休闲体育活动改善心理健康、生活质量和福祉的系统综述

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2021.09.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To systematically review and develop the categories in the fields of recreational physical activities and rehabilitation exercise for adults based on the concept and method of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).Method The literatures about recreational or leisure time physical activities and mental health for adults were retrieved with subject retrieval method, from the database of PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang Data, until June 30, 2021. The effects of leisure physical activities on mental health, quality of life and well-being of adults were extracted.Results A total of 1856 literatures were returned, and 24 out of them were enrolled, which were published mainly from the journals of medicine, public health, exercise and rehabilitation. The researches mainly used questionnaire survey, interview and measurement methods. The types of physical activities involved were leisure time physical activities, leisure time recreational activities, non-leisure time physical activities and non-leisure time recreational activities. According to the framework of ICF, the effects of leisure time physical activities and recreational physical activities on mental health of adults were mainly reflected in body functions, including bl mental function, b152 emotion function, b140 attention function, b144 memory function, b163 basic cognition function, b126 temperament and personality function, b134 sleep function, b130 energy and drive function, b122 overall psychology and society function, b180 self-experience and time experience function, b139 other general mental functions specified and not specified; and activities and participation, including d6 family life, d7 interpersonal communication and interpersonal relationship, d8 main area of life, and d9 community, social and civic life; in terms of burnout, depression, anxiety, perceived stress, risk of depression, attention fatigue, life vigor, self-esteem, positive and negative emotions, mental disorders, insomnia, subjective well-being, life satisfaction and quality of life, etc. Leisure time physical activities and recreational physical activities might improve health-related quality of life and well-being. Some environmental and personal factors might affect the participation and performance in leisure time and recreational physical activities for the adult, including e3 support and interpersonal relationships, e4 attitude, e5 service system and policy, in terms of workload, positive emotion, social support, emotional support, etc.Conclusion Adults can benefit from leisure time physical activities and recreational physical activities for promoting mental health, quality of life and well-being. These activities are beneficial to emotion, cognition, sleep, happiness, satisfaction and quality of life, etc. It is critical for rehabilitation to integrate leisure time and recreational physical activities into health care, recreation and relaxation, physical and mental health. And it is effective to expand mental health care to improve quality of life and well-being and achieve the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goal 3: Good Healthy and Well-being.

Key words: leisure time physical activities and recreational physical activities, mental health, quality of life, well-being, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, adults, systematic review

CUI De-gang,QIU Fen,QIU Fu-bing,TANG Xiu-qi,LIU Jing,ZHU Xiao-xiao,LI Zhong-hao. Mental Health, Quality of Life and Well-being of Recreational Physical Activity for Adults Using ICF: A Systematic Review[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2021, 27(9): 1038-1047.

Figures/Tables 4

活动分类与活动涉及的功能		内容定义
休闲体育活动	类型	闲暇身体活动：闲暇或休息时间进行的具有积极意义的健身活动,达到身体和心理上的休闲闲暇娱乐活动：闲暇或休息时间为参与和乐趣而进行的健身活动,注重健康体能和娱乐性质非闲暇身体活动：工作、运动、休闲或交通(如步行、骑自行车等)中的身体活动非闲暇娱乐活动：兴趣驱动、生活方式型(lifestyle)的身体活动,追求乐趣和自我实现
休闲体育活动益处	b身体功能	精神功能(b1)的保持和改善,主要包括情绪(b152情绪功能)、认知(b140注意力功能、b144记忆功能、b163基本认知功能)、气质和人格(b126气质和人格功能)、睡眠(b134睡眠功能)、b130能量和驱力功能、b122整体心理社会功能、b180自身体验和时间体验功能、b139其他特指和未特指的整体精神功能
休闲体育活动益处	d活动和参与	发展身体活动功能：提高体适能和活动量,提高健康寿命,减少慢病,保持、提高或改善活动能力和社会适应性。主要包括d6家庭生活,d7人际交往和人际关系,d8主要生活领域,d9社区、社会和公民生活
影响因素	e1用品和技术	参与休闲体育活动所需的器材辅具,如公共建筑和设施、交通工具、活动场地、器材、设施、辅助用具,包括运动场地、各类球和球拍、瑜伽垫、哑铃、杠铃、护腕、护膝等
	e2自然环境和对环境的人为改变	参与休闲体育活动的运动环境,包括自然地理环境、空气质量、气候条件和开展活动项目的周围环境,常包括社区、单位、家庭等各种活动所涉及的场所和场地
	e3态度	参与休闲体育活动的心理环境,常包括家人、同伴、朋友社区成员、同事等的态度,社会观念、参与积极性、自我认知、自信、安全感、紧张、焦虑等
	e4支持和相互关系	参与休闲体育活动的社会环境,常包括家人、同伴、朋友社区成员、同事等的支持及相互关系等
	e5服务、体制和政策	参与休闲体育活动的社会环境,常包括体制和政策的完善、相关制度的建立、社区活动场所的开发与使用、社会关注、社会态度、信息传播与推广、资金管理与投资等
	个人因素	性别、年龄、种族、教育、职业、生活方式、锻炼习惯、休闲体育活动量(频率、时间、强度)等

研究	国家	研究对象	方法与工具	休闲体育活动类别	对心理健康与身体活动功能的效果	对生活质量和福祉的效果	影响因素
Jonsdottir等^[11](2010)	瑞典	健康成年人：医疗保健和社会保险工作者	休闲体育活动：自我报告从医疗保健机构收集数据	闲暇身体活动	缓解应激症状,如倦怠(b130)、焦虑(b152)、感知压力感(b164)、抑郁(b152) 低强度或大强度活动降低倦怠、抑郁和感知压力感,大强度活动降低焦虑	改善生活质量和福祉	未提及
Norling等^[12](2010)	美国	健康成年人：休闲跑步者	实验组：小强度、大强度活动组对照组：静息组	闲暇娱乐活动(跑步)	高强度跑步有助于缓解注意力疲劳(b140)	未提及	未提及
Tierney等^[13](2010)	加拿大	健康成年人：绝经后妇女	娱乐性体育活动：收集从高中到更年期期间参加剧烈和适度活动的信息认知功能：客观测量	闲暇身体活动	长期参与适度的休闲体育活动对认知功能有保持作用(b163)	改善生活质量和福祉	未提及
Yang等^[14] (2012)	芬兰	健康成年人：全职工作人群(30~45岁)	问卷调查	闲暇娱乐活动	减少与工作压力有关的抑郁(b152) 减少工作压力,慢性劳损(d8)	改善生活质量和福祉	未提及
Molina等^[15] (2011)	西班牙	健康成年人：大学生	问卷调查：Rosenberg自尊量表和主观生命力量表	闲暇身体活动、非闲暇娱乐活动	改善自我感知的生命活力(b130),提高自尊心(180)	改善生活质量	个人因素：性别
Torres等^[16] (2013)	美国	健康成年人：成年人	休闲体育活动：自我报告抑郁症状：流调中心用抑郁量表	闲暇身体活动	减少抑郁症状(b152),活动频率的增加与抑郁症状的减少相关	改善生活质量和福祉	未提及
Dregan等^[17](2013)	英国	健康成年人：中年人(50岁,成年后期)	前瞻性队列调查休闲体育活动：自我报告50岁之前的休闲体育活动	闲暇身体活动、非闲暇身体活动	记忆力(b144)和执行功能(b163)提高	改善生活质量和福祉	未提及
Brunes等^[18](2015)	爱尔兰	健康成年人：成年人(19~65岁)	前瞻性队列调查焦虑：医院焦虑和抑郁量表焦虑亚量表	闲暇身体活动	焦虑随活动量增加而减少(b152)	改善生活质量和福祉	个人因素：性别
Keisuke等^[19](2015)	日本	健康成年人：工人(20~64岁)	队列研究,5年随访休闲体育活动：自我报告抑郁症状：通过13个主观症状自述问题评估	非闲暇身体活动	活动量与抑郁症状呈“U”型关系,适量的休闲运动可使抑郁最轻(b152)	改善生活质量和福祉	未提及
Lovlien等^[20] (2017)	挪威	有身体疾病的成年人：急性心肌梗死出院后妇女	问卷测量 MacNew心脏病问卷和一致感-13量表	闲暇身体活动、非闲暇身体活动	改善日常生活(d6),增加人际交往(d7),获得更好的与健康相关的生活质量(d9)	改善生活质量和福祉	未提及
Lahti等^[21] (2017)	芬兰	健康成年人：中年员工(40~60岁)	随访调查数据	闲暇身体活动	预防常见精神障碍(b139)的出现	改善生活质量和福祉	未涉及
Holstila等^[22](2017)	芬兰	健康成年人：中年雇员(40~60岁)	Helsinki健康研究的队列数据	闲暇身体活动	促进心理健康(b139),同时促进身体健康	改善生活质量和福祉	未提及
Gerber等^[23](2017)	瑞典	健康成年人：医护人员	休闲体育活动、睡眠障碍：自我报告	非闲暇身体活动	降低入睡困难风险和醒来时疲惫感(b134) 中等至大强度身体活动减少入睡困难的风险,小强度和大强度身体活动降低醒来时疲惫感风险	改善生活质量	未提及
Appelqvist等^[24](2017)	巴西	健康成年人：青年男性(平均26岁)	问卷测量 Warwick-Edinburgh 精神健康量表	闲暇身体活动、非闲暇身体活动	降低精神压力(b130)、提供充沛的精力(b130),促进心理健康和预防心理障碍(b139)	改善生活质量	未提及
Chair等^[25] (2020)	中国	有身体疾病的成年人：患有冠心病的成年人	问卷调查：收集休闲体育活动、体育活动自我效能感和抑郁症状	闲暇身体活动	提高身体活动自我效能(b180),减轻抑郁(b152)	改善生活质量和福祉	未提及
Fukai等^[26] (2020)	日本	健康成年人：工人(19~65岁)	问卷调查：休闲体育活动和步行情况抑郁症状：流调中心用抑郁量表	闲暇身体活动、非闲暇身体活动	减轻抑郁(b152)	改善生活质量和福祉	未提及
Lim等^[27](2020)	韩国	健康成年人：消防员	自我报告(在线调查) 失眠：失眠严重度指数	闲暇身体活动、非闲暇身体活动	参与休闲体育活动后获得足够休息,能降低失眠(b134)风险,改善睡眠质量	改善生活质量	工作负荷感、职业活动水平(e5)
Marques等^[28](2020)	葡萄牙	健康成年人：成年人,平均年龄(50.6±17.4)岁	休闲体育活动：自我报告抑郁症状：流调中心用抑郁量表	闲暇身体活动	减轻抑郁(b152)	改善生活质量和福祉	个人因素：年龄
Holahan等^[29](2020)	美国	健康成年人：中老年妇女	美国中年发展调查	闲暇身体活动、闲暇娱乐活动	提升高、低唤醒水平的积极情绪(b152),减少高、低唤醒水平的消极情绪	改善生活质量和福祉	与体育活动相关的积极情感反应(e4)
Jo等^[30](2021)	韩国	健康成年人：农村居民(> 20岁)	前瞻性研究,5.3年随访	闲暇身体活动	缓解抑郁(b152),降低抑郁症发生率中等强度和大强度活动使抑郁发生率显著降低	改善生活质量和福祉	未提及
Kim等^[31](2021)	美国	健康成年人：成年人	美国中年研究的成年人样本	闲暇身体活动	提升心理幸福感(b122),包括心理、社会、情绪中等强度活动促进心理和社会功能,高强度活动促进情绪功能	改善生活质量和福祉	未提及
Kim等^[32](2021)	美国	有身体疾病的成年人：患有癌症的成年人	问卷调查	闲暇身体活动、闲暇娱乐活动	促进心理健康(b139)	改善生活质量和福祉	情感支持、社会支持(e3)
李睿恒等^[33](2010)	中国	健康成年人：中青年(18~60岁)	问卷调查生活质量：WHO生存质量简表	闲暇身体活动、闲暇娱乐活动	增加积极情感(b152),减少精神压力(b130) 增加人际交往(d7)、丰富日常生活,提高生活质量和生活满意度(d9)	改善生活质量和福祉	未涉及

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Mental Health, Quality of Life and Well-being of Recreational Physical Activity for Adults Using ICF: A Systematic Review

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